一种减少有限区气候模式嵌套误差积累的方法

介绍了一种用于减少有限区气候模式中嵌套误差积累的新方法——三维嵌套方法 ,详细阐述了这种方法提出的原因、必要性和它的理论基础。在有限区气候模式上进行三维嵌套与二维嵌套的对比试验 ,试验结果表明三维嵌套方案可减少嵌套预报误差的积累 ,并且对于降水的预报也有很大的改善。     

东南极伊利莎白公主地LGB65点的雪层密度与剖面特征

对东南极冰盖伊利莎白公主地LGB65点的50m雪芯及雪坑进行了雪层密度与剖面分析。结果表明，该处雪的密实化过程属冷型落实化类型，第一和第二临界密度深度分别为10．4m和60．4m深霜不育，雪层中为数不多的雏形深霜层厚度仅几厘米，多分布在冰壳层的上、下两侧，16．0m以上，发芯透光性的变化不明显，之下，透光性逐渐表现出韵律变化，雪层中辐射壳和风壳频繁出现，其中辐射壳可作为划分年层的重要依据，综合雪层内的各种层位特征，初步划分出LGB65雪芯的年层约为243a，总的年平均积累率为131．9mm，20世纪60年代年积累率低于平均水平，70年代中期以后，;积累率出现大幅度增加，进250a来该处的年积累率呈增大趋势。     

临南地区石油运移方向与成藏期次研究

根据原油及油砂抽提物中含氮化合物分析、原油生物标志成熟度参数及储层流体包裹体烃类成分分析,研究了临南地区石油运移的方向、距离、成藏期次。结果表明临南油田仅有一期油气运聚成藏过程,属中新世末形成的成熟原油,4 甲基甾烷含量较高。曲堤油田存在两期油气运聚成藏过程,早期原油成熟度低,4 甲基甾烷含量低,运移距离较远,成藏后大部分散失 ;晚期充注的原油成熟度较高,4 甲基甾烷含量也较高,并保存至今。     

The aeolian dust accumulation curve

This article presents a simple physical concept of aeolian dust accumulation, based on the behaviour of the subprocesses of dust deposition and dust erosion. The concept is tested in an aeolian dust wind tunnel. The agreement between the accumulation curve predicted by the model and the accumulation curve obtained in the experiments is close to perfect and shows that it is necessary to discriminate between the processes of aeolian dust deposition and aeolian dust accumulation. Two important thresholds determine the accumulation process. For wind speeds below the deflation threshold, the aeolian accumulation of dust increases linearly with the wind speed. For wind velocities between the deflation threshold and the accumulation limit, the sedimentation balance is above unity and there is still accumulation, though it rapidly drops once the deflation threshold has been exceeded. At wind speeds beyond the accumulation limit, the sedimentation balance is below unity and there will no longer be an accumulation of dust. The thresholds have been determined in a wind tunnel test at friction velocity u_* = 0·34 m s^?1 (deflation threshold) and u_* = 0·43 m s^?1 (accumulation limit), but these values are only indicative since they depend heavily on the characteristics of the accumulation surface and of the airborne grains. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stepwise accumulation and ascent of magmas

One of the currently popular theories on magma ascent is that it mainly occurs by propagating hydrofractures (dykes) and that magma viscosity is the primary rate‐controlling factor. This theory is based on mathematical models for single hydrofractures under idealised conditions. We simulated magma ascent with air ascending through gelatine and observed that the air ascended in batches, following paths made by their predecessors. Multiple batches accumulate at obstacles along the path. Although magma viscosity may control ascent rate during movement, obstacles ultimately control the size and average ascent velocity of ascending batches. We propose that step‐wise movement of magma batches is the mechanism of primary accumulation and ascent from the partially molten source rock of a magma to its first emplacement site and therefore the main ascent mechanism for granitic magmas. ‘Classical’ dyking is the mechanism for secondary ascent from a magma chamber.     

首都圈年累积释放地震能量的拓扑预测

拓补预测实际上是ＧＭ（１，１）模型群的预测。将首都圈年累积释放地震能量的统计结果作为建模的基本数据，建立相应的拓扑预测模型，对２０００年以前首都圈年累积释放地震能量的发展趋势作出初步预测。     

中国东部中生代构造演变与聚煤作用的迁移

中生代期间，中国东部的构造演变具有从西向东不断发展，从南向北不断扩展的特点。正是这种从南向北的构造演变与潮湿气侯带由南向北的不断迁移相结合，决定了中生代聚煤作用不断地从南向北迁移。     

对穿时普遍性的解释

穿时是沉积地层的基本属性,其根本原因是地层的形成作用,即沉积作用本身。有沉积作用就有穿时(侧向加积);或者小范围内不穿时但大范围内必穿时(纵向加积)。海水进退只能影响穿时的具体形式而不是穿时的本质原因或必要条件。板块的运移和增生不仅造成了沉积地层的穿时,还造成了火山地层的穿时。这种穿时与沉积作用直接引起的穿时有本质不同,本文称之为构造穿时。     

祁连山蛇绿岩型超镁铁岩铬铁矿床成矿的主要特征

祁连山造山带目前已发现不同规模的超镁铁岩体（群）1000余个,产有铬铁矿床（点）和矿化点80余处,这些岩体及其矿产主要产在北祁连优地斜增生地体边部的海沟带中,少数产在祁连中间地块的边部。岩体成因类型为蛇绿岩组合中的超镁铁质单元,铬铁矿的富集部位是地幔橄榄岩和堆积杂岩带底部的纯橄榄岩。岩石多为铝过饱和系列,岩体的平均化学成分接近于斜辉橄榄岩;Cr₂0₃的平均含量大于0.40％,Al₂0₃的平均含量近于或者大于1％。铬尖晶石的化学参数特征反映出低铁富镁的介质对形成富铬尖晶石是有利的。富铬岩体中Cr、Co、Ti、V的含量较高。