南海北缘海啸波高对潜在海啸源震级偏差的敏感性

本文假设马尼拉海沟北段为潜在海啸源,基于中国地震台网对马尼拉海沟地区震级测定偏差,采用COMCOT(comell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model)海啸数值模型,模拟南海海啸波传播.选取南海北缘3个特定地点,其中两个位于华南近海区域,另一个位于台湾岛南端近海区域,此外还在临近马尼拉海沟北段的深海地区选取了1个特定地点.分析这些特定地点最大海啸波以及最大海啸波到时对于震级测定偏差的敏感性.结果表明:马尼拉海沟北段地震如触发海啸,华南近海区域以及台湾岛南部近海区域最大海啸波振幅对震级偏差敏感,但最大海啸波振幅到时对于震级测定偏差不敏感;振幅最大的海啸波,二十几分钟即可波及台湾岛南端近岸区域,大约1小时后波及大陆华南近海北部区域.     

Political ecology of tiger conservation in India: Adverse effects of banning customary practices in a protected area

Protected areas have had significant impacts on local communities primarily through the physical removal of people. In some instances, people continue to live within protected areas due to the inability of the state to evict them. The restrictions on livelihoods placed on people living inside protected areas lead to in situ displacement. We show how conservation enclosures in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve have produced a class of people that the state ‘lets die’ by banning customary practices such as fire use, hunting and harvesting of forest produce. Using longitudinal ethnographic, socio‐economic and ecological data, we demonstrate that conservation policy has alienated indigenous forest dwellers from their agricultural and forest‐land. The outcomes of conservation policy include dispossession through increased crop losses, reduced income from agriculture and forest produce, as well as a forest that is dominated by weeds due to fire suppression. The ban on hunting in particular has increased wildlife densities, which has enabled the state to accumulate revenues through the establishment of wildlife tourism facilities. All in all, centralized protected area governance has changed the relationships among people, forest and the state in a way that has produced adverse effects for both livelihoods and the ecosystem.     

21世纪前20年世界地质工作重大事件、重大成果与未来30年中国地质工作发展的思考

在21世纪前20年里,以页岩气、页岩油、天然气水合物和干热岩为代表的非常规能源勘查开发取得重大突破,美国因页岩气勘查开发取得突破实现了能源独立。随着全球经济发展、气候变化加剧和能源转型,对关键金属矿产的需求不断增加,世界各国强势推出关键矿产清单,力求保障本国资源安全。深海探测、地球深部探测取得新进展。地球系统科学成为当代地质科学主题,形成了一批新概念,例如地质多样性、关键带、人类世、临界要素等,引领地质工作的转型。展望未来30年,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进,人类将面临资源、环境、生态的重大挑战,地质工作正处于重大转折时期。中国地质工作要突出清洁能源和深海资源勘探开发,要建立基于生态系统的地质调查、监测、模拟与预测技术体系,开展自然资源综合调查,支撑服务国土空间规划、生态保护和修复及城市建设,促进地质工作转型和发展。     

Evolution of east coast of India — A plate tectonic reconstruction

The evolution of east coast of India sis discussed within the ambit of clearly identifiable four major tectonic stages which had a profound effect in shaping the tectonic grain of the east coast basins. The evolutionary process began with rift related crustal extension between India and Sri Lanka as a consequence of Africa-Antarctica rifting and development of Natal Basin. An arm of this rift led to initial extension in the Cauvery Basin and failed. Later, the India-West Australia rift propagated further in southwesterly direction initiating Mahanadi and Krishna-Godavari Basins. This extension was an oblique one with Nayudupeta high acting as pivot. The oblique extension followed by asymmetric seafloor spreading developed transpression along India-Sri Lanka and Antarctica junction, resulting in a NNW-SSE trending transcurrent fault along which Antarctica moved southward. Subsequently, entire east coast evolved through a more or less uniform post rift stage.     

岩石变形、流体压力与热液成矿关系的研究现状

地壳中岩石的变形模式受构造应力、流体压力和上覆岩层重力共同作用的影响。岩石组成和构造应力的大小、方向决定着岩石的变形过程,同时岩石的破裂还受先存断裂构造的影响。流体压力增大,岩石可以发生水力破裂,而引起水力引张破裂的条件是σ1-σ3<4T和Pf=σ3+T。随着深度的增加,受地温梯度的影响,岩石由脆性变形向韧性变形转变。在无流体超压影响的情况下,脆韧性转换的温度在300~450℃之间,大约在地壳15km处。当流体压力和应变速率增大时,韧性条件下的岩石变形行为由韧性向脆性变化,脆韧性转变的深度随之增大。从构造角度探讨热液成矿作用,热液矿床形成的深度与流体压力、应变速率、裂隙的发育、介质的渗透率、温度变化等相关。岩石断裂的类型和方向影响岩石的渗透率,提供流体运移的通道和聚集场所,控制矿床形成的深度、位置和矿体产状。     

透射波波场重建和介质层厚反演研究

本文以P波和SV波波场比值,提出层状介质情况下透射波波场的反向重建算法原理,并据此给出在已知介质速度值时,求介质层厚度的反演方法。文中还以深源远震记录波形资料给出反演算例,证实本文的算法是可行的。     

CT能谱成像对肝脏微小转移瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨肝脏微小转移瘤患者应用CT能谱成像诊断的效果及对患者肝功能的影响。方法：回顾性分析2015年5月至2017年5月我院收治的肝脏微小转移瘤患者80例的临床资料,根据诊断方法不同分成对照组和研究组两组。对照组常规的CT诊断,研究组应用CT能谱成像的诊断方法,对比诊断结果。结果：对比诊断结果,研究组诊断出的病灶个数以及检出率显著高于对照组（&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;0.05）,同时漏检率以及误检率均低于对照组（&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;0.05）;研究组应用诊断方法的诊断敏感度、阳性预测值以及特异性都高于对照组（&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;0.05）;对比治疗效果,研究组的疗效显著优于对照组（&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;0.05）。结论：应用CT能谱成像诊断肝脏微小转移瘤患者,有助于疾病早发现、早治疗,有更高的诊断价值,利于患者改善肝功能,值得在临床上推广应用。     

渭北东部奥陶系岩溶地下水环境同位素特征分

本文通过对渭北东部岩溶地下水环境同位素组成特征的研究，分析了大气降水、地表水、地下水三者之间的转化关系，并对研究区岩溶地下水的形成进行了初步探讨，认为大气降水是研究区岩溶地下水的补给源，地表水与地下水之间存在水力联系，地表水对地下水的补给占补给水源的74.3％。西部岩溶裸露区为岩溶水的直接补给区，其周边浅埋区为岩溶水的间接补给区，东南部的岩溶中-深埋区为岩溶水的径流排泄区。     

Investigations and assessment of the landslide hazards of Fengdu county in the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River

The spatial database of landslides in Fengdu County of the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project (TGP) on the Yangtze River was compiled from a variety of different sources including field investigations on landslides, existing catalogues and archives on landslides, reports of meteorological events and human engineering activities that triggered slope failures. The major factors that are found to have affected the slope stabilities are outlined, and an assessment and zonation of landslide hazards of the region is made using an integrated information model, which is divided into destructive, disastrous, likely disastrous and essentially non-disastrous areas from the assessment of landslide hazards. The destructive and disastrous areas are respectively 1.9 and 13.8% of the total region, mostly being nearby townships, highways along the south bank of the Yangtze River and residential quarters along two flanks of the Yangtze River and its distributaries, that will impose direct impact to highway transportation and residential lives, and may effect to some degree the navigation of the Yangtze River, reservoir banks, and building of cities and towns.     

并行网络电法在煤层覆岩破坏监测中的应用

并行网络电法勘探现场观测数据表明,随着开采煤层上覆岩体破坏程度的加剧,其电阻率值呈上升趋势:当煤层上覆岩层视电阻率值相对于背景电阻率值增大1~2倍时为裂隙发育带;当增大3倍以上时为离层冒落带。对于全空间电阻率观测,其视电阻率值的变化主要是以突出异常为主。应用结果表明,利用并行网络电法进行煤层顶板视电阻率动态监测,可以直观反映“三带”的发育形态以及开采产生矿山压力的显现规律,为矿井安全提供有效的探测手段。