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661.
J.G.P.W. Clevers L. KooistraM.E. Schaepman 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008
Canopy water content (CWC) is important for mapping and monitoring the condition of the terrestrial ecosystem. Spectral information related to the water absorption features at 970 nm and 1200 nm offers possibilities for deriving information on CWC. In this study, we compare the use of derivative spectra, spectral indices and continuum removal techniques for these regions. Hyperspectral reflectance data representing a range of canopies were simulated using the combined PROSPECT + SAILH model. Best results in estimating CWC were obtained by using spectral derivatives at the slopes of the 970 nm and 1200 nm water absorption features. Real data from two different test sites were analysed. Spectral information at both test sites was obtained with an ASD FieldSpec spectrometer, whereas at the second site HyMap airborne imaging spectrometer data were also acquired. Best results were obtained for the derivative spectra. In order to avoid the potential influence of atmospheric water vapour absorption bands the derivative of the reflectance on the right slope of the canopy water absorption feature at 970 nm can best be used for estimating CWC. 相似文献
662.
663.
Based on the theory of thermal conductivity, in this paper we derived a formula to estimate the prolongation period (AtL) of cooling-crystallization process of a granitic melt caused by latent heat of crystallization as follows:△tL=QL×△tcol/(TM-TC)×CP where TM is initial temperature of the granite melt, Tc crystallization temperature of the granite melt, Cp specific heat, △tcol cooling period of a granite melt from its initial temperature (TM) to its crystallization temperature (Tc), QL latent heat of the granite melt.
The cooling period of the melt for the Fanshan granodiorite from its initial temperature (900℃) to crystallization temperature (600℃) could be estimated -210,000 years if latent heat was not considered. Calculation for the Fanshan melt using the above formula yields a AtL value of -190,000 years, which implies that the actual cooling period within the temperature range of 900°-600℃ should be 400,000 years. This demonstrates that the latent heat produced from crystallization of the granitic melt is a key factor influencing the cooling-crystallization process of a granitic melt, prolongating the period of crystallization and resulting in the large emplacement-crystallization time difference (ECTD) in granite batholith. 相似文献
The cooling period of the melt for the Fanshan granodiorite from its initial temperature (900℃) to crystallization temperature (600℃) could be estimated -210,000 years if latent heat was not considered. Calculation for the Fanshan melt using the above formula yields a AtL value of -190,000 years, which implies that the actual cooling period within the temperature range of 900°-600℃ should be 400,000 years. This demonstrates that the latent heat produced from crystallization of the granitic melt is a key factor influencing the cooling-crystallization process of a granitic melt, prolongating the period of crystallization and resulting in the large emplacement-crystallization time difference (ECTD) in granite batholith. 相似文献
664.
Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir beds are the major type of producing formations in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin. The seismic responses of these beds clearly changes depending on the different distance of the fracture-cavity reservoir bed from the top of the section. The seismic reflection becomes weak or is absent when the fracture-cavity reservoir beds are less than 20 ms below the top Ordovician. The effect on top Ordovician reflection became weaker with deeper burial of fracture-cavity reservoir beds but the developed deep fracture-cavity reservoir beds caused stronger reflection in the interior of the Ordovician. This interior reflection can be divided into strong long-axis, irregular and bead string reflections, and was present 80 ms below the top Ordovician. Aimed at understanding reflection characteristics, the spectral decomposition technique, which uses frequency to "tune-in" bed thickness, was used to predict Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate formations in the Tahe oilfield. Through finely adjusting the processing parameters of spectral decomposition, it was found that the slice at 30 Hz of the tuned data cube can best represent reservoir bed development. Two large N-S-trending strong reflection belts in the mid-western part of the study area along wells TK440- TK427-TK417B and in the eastern part along wells TK404-TK409 were observed distinctly on the 30 Hz slice and 4-D time-frequency data cube carving. A small N-S trending reflection belt in the southern part along wells T403-TK446B was also clearly identified. The predicted reservoir bed development area coincides with the fracture-cavities connection area confirmed by drilling pressure testing results. Deep karst cavities occur basically in three reservoir bed-development belts identified by the Ordovician interior strong reflection. Spectral decomposition proved to be a useful technique in identifying fracture-cavity reservoir beds. 相似文献
665.
Firstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer (salt deposit) in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented, which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake. And secondly, with a model forming idea oftransport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference, a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system (salt deposits) was developed by using the Pitzer theory.Meanwhile, the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarhan Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarhan Salt Lake. 相似文献
666.
LI Wenpeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,(5)
Firstly,the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer (salt deposit) in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory.The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented,which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake.And secondly,with a model forming idea of transport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference,a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system (salt deposits) was developed by using the Pitzer theory. Meanwhile,the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarban Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/ Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarban Salt Lake. 相似文献
667.
Xin Li Dongliang Wang Baoquan Liu Chunling Ren Jianying Guo Xuefeng Su Jian Wang 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(4):412-419
The northern margin of the Qaidam Basin is one of the main oil-gas exploration areas in western China, where source rocks are composed mostly of Middle and Lower Jurassic dark mud shale, carbargillite and coal. A large number of subsurface and outcrop samples differing in lithology with different types of organic matter were selected for resource evaluation, research and calculation. And among them, 13 samples were used for simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generating potential of various source rocks. At first, two kinds of heating modes were compared through simulation experiment, including single temperature-step heating and continual heating. Perhaps, the process of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion occurred naturally between a close system and an open system. In addition, the first heating mode was convenient, and all its reaction products were involved in the whole thermal evolution, and the final simulation experimental results were basically in consistency with the natural evolution trend Therefore, the first heating mode was adopted and the hydrocarbon yield of every sample was worked out. According to the type and lithology of organic matter and the hydrocarbon yield of samples for simulation experiment, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mode with three kinds of lithology and five types of source rock has been established to provide the basis for hydrocarbon generation evaluation, research and resource calculation. 相似文献
668.
Late Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Paleomagnetic Chronology of the Zanda Basin, Tibet, and Records of the Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MENG Xiangang ZHU Dagang SHAO Zhaogang YANG Chaobin HAN Jianen YU Ji MENG Qingwei LU Rongping 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(1):63-72
The characteristics of Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift of the southern margin of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau may be inferred from fluvio-lacustrine strata in the Zanda basin, Ngari, Tibet. Magnetostratigraphic study shows that the very thick fluvio-lacustrine strata in the basin are 5.89- 0.78 Ma old and that their deposition persisted for 5.11 Ma, i.e. starting at the end of the Miocene and ending at the end of the early Pleistocene, with the Quaternary glacial stage starting in the area no later than 1.58 Ma. Analysis of the sedimentary environment indicates that the Zanda basin on the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau began uplift at -5.89 Ma, later than the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Presence of gravel beds in the Guge and Qangze Formations reflects that strong uplift took place at -5.15 and -2.71 Ma, with the uplift peaking at -2.71 Ma. 相似文献
669.
湖子地区位于NNE向诸广-新兴铀成矿带与近EW向大东山-漳州大断裂复合部位,是华南早、晚两期铀成矿热液活动叠加区、放射性高场区,既有"硅化带大脉"型铀矿产出,又有"交点"型铀矿存在,找矿前景良好.文章在论述下庄矿田铀成矿地质环境、铀成矿特征及铀矿定位条件基础上,分析了湖子地区铀成矿条件与找矿前景,指出该区今后铀矿找矿方向是:① 6009号硅化断裂带,在其北段找硅化带大脉型铀矿,在其南段找"交点"型铀矿;②新桥-下庄硅化断裂带和6009号带之间成矿部位,寻找硅化带型和"交点"型铀矿;③NW向、近EW向辉绿岩脉与NNE向、NE向构造交汇部位(交点),寻找"交点"型铀矿. 相似文献
670.
祁阳山字型构造质疑 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
结合区域构造演化背景及构造变形特征,对祁阳弧形构造的形成机制进行研究。分析表明,传统山字型构造机制难以解释祁阳弧形构造的诸多特征,且前人认为变形动力来源于东西向挤压应力场,也与印支期区域构造应力场实为NWW向的构造背景不符,因此祁阳弧形构造并不属典型山字型构造。基于研究区构造活动的客观实际,提出祁阳弧形构造的可能形成机制:NW向基底隐伏断裂和NNE-NE向主干断裂分别于印支期和燕山期产生强烈左旋走滑活动,从而使区域NNE向构造线在中段产生左旋偏转成为NNW向,从而形成S形的祁阳弧形构造。这一机制可较好解释祁阳弧形构造的若干特征,如关帝庙穹窿呈NWW走向、北反射弧构造形迹不显著、北弧弧顶脱位及内弧曲率大于外弧、南弧弧顶脱位、紫云-中田-高峰串珠状穹窿的形成等。上述认识对华南地区弧形构造研究具有一定启示意义:除山字型构造作用和砥柱作用外,还应注意断裂走滑等其他构造活动对弧形构造的制约,以及多次构造活动叠加对构造形迹可能造成的影响。 相似文献