基于广义点理论的多基线影像钣金件3D重建与尺寸检测

采用沿CAD模型在影像中投影的外轮廓边缘点统计与最邻近直线广义点平差迭代相结合的方法，实现了钣金件初始方位的2D-3D自动定位。提出利用影像上的直线信息进行广义点平差，并基于多基线影像对工业钣金件进行高精度三维重建和尺寸误差检验，给出了带端点约束条件的多基线影像广义点摄影测量平差模型，并验证了其有效性。     

Influence caused by initial tectonic stress on relative measurement of borehole groundstresinviscoelasticmedia

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The Footprint for Estimation of Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Fluxes by Profile Techniques

The flux footprint, that is the contribution per unit emission from each element of the upwind surface area to measurement of the vertical flux of a passive scalar, is calculated for fluxes estimated by micrometeorological profile techniques. It is found that the upwind extent of the footprint for concentration-profile flux estimates is similar to that of the footprint for eddy-covariance flux measurements, when the eddy-covariance measurement is made at a height equal to the arithmetic mean of the highest and lowest profile measurement heights for stable stratification or the geometric mean for unstable stratification. The concentration-profile flux footprint depends on the ratio of the highest to the lowest measurement height, but is insensitive to the number of measurement levels. The concentration-profile flux footprint extends closer to the measurement location than does the 'equivalent eddy-covariance flux footprint, and the difference becomes more pronounced as the ratio of the profile measurement heights increases. The flux footprint for the Bowen-ratio technique is identical to that for a two-level profile measurement only for very limited circumstances. In the more general case, a flux footprint cannot be defined for the Bowen-ratio technique and the uniform upwind fetch required for representative flux measurements depends on the specific spatial distribution of surface fluxes.     

地磁绝对测量大台距差值法对强震的反应

在应用地磁绝对测量预测地震中,为适应我国大陆地磁台距大的状况,充分利用地磁场等变线有规则分布特征,使原来仅限于小台距的差值预报法扩大到大台距,并取得了一定的预报效果,自1996年以来已获得M_s ≥ 6. 0震例6组次,并在震前做了一定程度的预测。     

干旱区生态资产遥感定量评估模型研究

生态系统服务经济价值的定量评估理论和方法研究是建立生态资产定量评估体系的基础,是干旱区经济可持续发展的必然要求。在3S技术的支持下,利用地面Landsat TM数据、中巴卫星数据、气象数据和MODIS数据,以及地表覆盖类型和野外测定观测数据等生态参数,在传统生态学生态资产单位面积价值研究的基础上建立了基于遥感定量测量的生态资产价值评估模型,以2003年的昌吉州为例,对生态资产的价值进行了评估,并编制了生态资产空间分布图,分析了其空间分布特征,结果表明：昌吉州生态系统2003年的生态资产总价值为177893亿元人民币,生态资产的分布具有从高山向平原、从绿洲向荒漠逐渐减少的趋势,具有和干旱区植被地带性分布一致的特征。测量结果可以更加客观地反映干旱区生态资产及其空间分布的现实情况,为今后开展相关研究奠定了良好的基础。     

Measuring and modeling vertical gradients in suspended sediments in the Solimões/Amazon River

Accurately measuring sediment flux in large rivers remains a challenge due to the spatial and temporal cross‐sectional variability of suspended sediment concentrations in conjunction with sampling procedures that fail to accurately quantify these differences. This study presents a field campaign methodology that can be used to improve the measurement of suspended sediment concentrations in the Amazon River or similarly large rivers. The turbidity signal and Rouse model are together used in this study to define the spatial distribution of suspended sediment concentrations in a river cross‐section, taking into account the different size fractions of the sediment. With this methodology, suspended sediment fluxes corresponding to each sediment class are defined with less uncertainty than with manual samples. This paper presents an application of this methodology during a field campaign at different gauging stations along a 3,000‐km stretch of the Solimões/Amazon River during low water and flood periods. Vertical concentration profiles and Rouse model applications for distinctive sediment sizes are explored to determine concentration gradients throughout a cross‐section of the river. The results show that coupling both turbidity technology and the Rouse model may improve our understanding of the spatial distribution of different sediments fractions sizes in the Solimões/Amazon River. These data are very useful in defining a pertinent monitoring strategy for suspended sediment concentrations in the challenging context of large rivers.     

Installation of ocean bottom bases for observation of seafloor crustal movement

Abstract

Ocean bottom bases (OBBs) have been installed on both sides of the axis of the Sagami Trough east of the Izu Peninsula, central Japan, as the first step toward long‐term geodetic and geophysical observations at the plate boundary (subduction zone). The OBB is a platform for seafloor measurements; otherwise it is difficult to find an appropriate place for precise seafloor measurements in the subduction zones. It is made of a nonmagnetic concrete block of size 1100 × 1100 × 500 mm. It was lowered from a ship using a winch wire and installed on a predetermined place with its position being monitored by an acoustic transponder system and a 30‐kHz bottom pinger with an accuracy of about 2 m.

It was confirmed later during the divings on board the submersible Shinkai 2000 that the OBB was installed on a flat mud bottom in normal condition. No change has been recognized in the installation condition in 3 years; the OBB is stable enough to be used for acoustic range measurements on the seafloor as well as for several geophysical measurements.

The resolution of seafloor range measurement can be improved by two orders by using phase measurement techniques with the aid of pulse compression. Precise acoustic range measurement of the order of 10^?5 is feasible under the following conditions: two‐way measurements between the two OBBs installed on the slope facing each other with angles larger than 1.5°. Correction is necessary for the effect of long‐term temperature variation.     

Progress in the Development of a High Performance Airborne Digital Sensor

Joint development work by LH Systems and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center) has produced encouraging results using forward, nadir and backward looking linear arrays on the focal plane to provide panchromatic imagery and geometric information, supplemented by further arrays to acquire multispectral imagery suitable for both high precision photogrammetric mapping and image processing for interpretative purposes. The geometric characteristics of line scanner imagery necessitate line-by-line rectification for aircraft tilts and shifts. Satisfactory execution of this process is enhanced by using supplementary data from high performance, on-board GPS and inertial measurement systems. Similarly, high demands are placed on other sub-systems, such as the camera mount, lens, electronics and storage technology. In addition to rectification for aircraft tilts and shifts, rectification for terrain characteristics is also required in order to generate colour and false colour composite images, since the various multispectral arrays are in different places on the focal plane. The special geometry affects triangulation. Thereafter, the imagery can be processed using existing software packages from both photogrammetry and remote sensing.
The concept has been demonstrated in several successful test flights and the production model is scheduled for market introduction at the ISPRS Congress in July 2000. The imagery from the new sensor will fulfil many market requirements between the highest resolution film imagery (<0.1 m) and high resolution space imagery (1m to 10 m). The sensor's unique blend of multispectral information with high quality geometric information will give rise to numerous new applications.     

三维激光扫描技术在西宁市城市地下空间测量中的应用

为验证三维激光扫描技术在西宁市城市地下空间测量中的适用性,探讨了其应用过程的流程和方法,用坐标对比法评定了三维激光扫描系统的精度。结果表明:三维激光扫描系统的平面精度达到0.032 m,符合城市测量规范要求,说明三维激光扫描技术在城市地下空间测量中具有很好的适用性,可以推广应用。     

A theoretical study of the factors which influence the measurement of fishing netting mesh size

A theoretical investigation is carried out of the mesh size measurement of an idealized fishing netting mesh. It is assumed that the bending moment of the netting twine is proportional to curvature and that there is no twine extension and no cross-sectional deformation of the twine. The corresponding momentum and force balance equations are analyzed. The measurement method our analysis most approximates is that of the ICES gauge. The effect on mesh measurement of twine bending stiffness, frictional resistance, boundary slope, gauge force and gauge thickness are all examined.