荒漠河岸林地下水位时空动态及其对地表径流的响应

荒漠河岸林是干旱地区重要的生态系统之一,受间歇性河流补给的浅层地下水是河岸林植物生存的主要水分来源。基于额济纳荒漠河岸林地下水位观测断面具有高时空分辨率的地下水位数据,分析了荒漠河岸林浅层地下水的时空变化及分水事件中河水对地下水的补给特征。结果表明：额济纳绿洲河岸林地下水位在季节尺度上具有植物生长季下降,非生长季上升的变化特征;在植物生长季内,地下水位具有白天下降,夜间上升的日周期变化特征,且日波动幅度主要受不同植被类型及植物不同生长期地下水蒸散速率的影响。黑河下游河水的河道渗漏是沿岸浅层地下水的主要补给来源,在分水过程中,距河道不同距离的地下水位对河水补给的响应时间随距离增加而增大,分水结束时的地下水位上升幅度随距离增加而减小,分水总径流量、分水持续时间和日均径流量是影响地下水补给宽度的主要因素。河道径流渗漏水量的绝大部分都通过蒸散发过程损失,从2013—2015年6次分水事件结束后,地下水估算补给量占其与蒸散量总和的平均比例为23.6%。     

The Aghajari (Upper Fars) Formation in the Folded Zagros Zone, Iran:Insights to Identify Facies, Architectural Elements, Fluvial Systems,Petrography and Provenance

The Aghajari Formation, called also the Upper Fars, develops throughout the Folded Zagros Zone and its thickness in the type section in southwest of Iran is 2966 meters. To analyze the sedimentary basin of this Formation, lithofacies, architectural elements and petrofacies of the related deposits in a section in southeast of Sarvestan in Fars Province of Iran with a thickness of 2221.45 meters were examined. Microscopically studying thin sections, the petrography and the occurrence of the deposits were determined. In this section, 16 lithofacies, 10 architectural elements and 2 sandstone petrofacies were identified. The lithofacies were divided into two major and minor groups, in which the major lithofacies consist of coarse-grained (Gh, Gp, Gt and Gm), medium-grained (Sh, Sp, St, Sl, Sm, Sr and Ss and fine-grained ones (Fm, Fl and Fsm), and the minor lithofacies were evaporative and mixed silisiclastic-carbonate. The identified architectural elements are CH, SB, GB, LA, DA, CR, CS, LV, LS, CH (FF) and FF. By combining evidences from facies analysis and architectural elements together, the Aghajari Formation was divided into three parts in which the related sedimentation environments, from top to bottom, are gravel, gravel-sand and fine-grained meandering river respectively. There have also been playas and shoreface in the lower part. Based on petrography, the sandstones of this formation were classified into two groups: litharenite and sublitharenite. The origin of these deposits (sandstones) was appointed to the recycled orogeny and the source of quartz is low and medium to high metamorphic rank. Using the field evidences, the paleocurrent direction was achieved indicating the direction of the paleocurrent from northwest to southeast at the time of deposition. It is hoped that these data can be used in the interpretation of the basin and reconstruction of the paleogeography in the local and regional scales.     

伊朗西南部上白垩统Sarvak组储层特征及主控因素

运用取芯,薄片,电镜扫描及三维地震等资料,对位于扎格罗斯盆地盆缘当前热点开发区的伊朗A油田上白垩统Sarvak组储层特征及主控因素进行研究。研究表明:Sarvak组储层岩性以富含厚壳蛤、有孔虫、钙化藻和浮游有孔虫等生屑颗粒的灰岩和白垩灰岩为主。储层受岩溶作用影响明显,储集空间以生屑铸模孔,灰泥溶蚀孔群,溶孔,溶洞为主。结合压汞,孔渗关系,岩性等因素在层内综合划分出孔洞-孔隙型,裂缝-孔隙型,孔隙型和致密非储层四类。最有利储层为孔洞-孔隙型,岩性主要为富厚壳蛤碎屑灰岩,次有利储层为裂缝-孔隙型和孔隙型,岩性主要为富有孔虫碎屑白垩灰岩。储层主控因素为层内三级层序边界,古地貌隆起和岩石破裂作用。三级层序边界控制有利储层垂向位置,古地貌隆起控制储层性质平面分布,岩石破裂作用影响储层整体含油性。基于以上认识提出勘探开发建议:对层内三级界面的识别和明确原沉积期古隆起位置为确定油田垂向优先开发层位及平面有利开发区域的关键。距层序界面较远,厚度较大的白垩储层受岩石破裂作用影响较大,纵横向分布发育不稳定,储量计算应考虑对纵向不同类别储层进行分类评价。