Hydrogeological evolution of the Luni river basin,Rajasthan, western India: A review

The Luni river basin has been evolved as a result of typical hydrogeomorphic processes of arid zone, operating under the influence of active tectonic lineaments. A detailed analysis of stream morphology in relation to geology and lineaments carried out on selected windows indicated the morphological control of the streams while flowing over the lineaments from the eastern to the western part of the basin. Typical valley fills indicated by dark green tone on digitally processed images and the pediments showing greenish white tone appear in sharp contrast and indicate respectively the graben and horst structures. A detailed identification of lineaments for the georesources and geological evaluation has been carried out. Earlier analysis carried out on Bouguer anomalies correlate with graben and horst structures in the subsurface. Quaternary sequences have been dated from 80 ka to 3 ka indicating a range of fluvial to aeolian deposits reflecting prevailing climatic conditions. However, the changes in sediment type from coarse and mixed of all size grades to fine in a vertical litho-column warrant further studies on fine resolution stratigraphy and high resolution stratigraphy for understanding climatic variations in the region     

半地堑式断陷盆地的油气成藏模式--以松辽盆地梨树断陷为例

半地堑式断陷盆地是松辽盆地深部断陷的主要类型，是今后油气勘探重点。以梨树断陷为例，根据半地堑式断陷盆地的构造和层序地层发育特点，针对此类盆地的生储盖组合规律，总结出该类盆地中主要存在有滚动背斜油气藏、断层油气藏、超覆型上倾尖灭岩性油气藏、相变型上倾尖灭岩性油气藏、透镜型岩性油气藏、潜山油气藏等6种类型；探讨了半地堑式断陷盆地的油气成藏模式。     

Analysis Method for Predicting Strain in Interior Beds and Sub-Resolution Faults from Area Balance Theory in Extensional Basins

Extensional basins include mainly grabens and half grabens displaced along a lower detachment. Based on area balance theory, there is a linear relationship between a height of regional and the lower detachment h on the outside of the basin and “lost area S“ from the regional in the basin. The pre-growth beds above lower detachment are of the same extensional displacement so that an “S-h diagram“ can be used to determine the depth to lower detachment and to calculate the total extensional displacement of the beds above the lower detachment. The extensional displacement is dominated by the heave of various scale normal faults. The displacement of obvious faults can be immediately figured out from the measured bed-length. The requisite extension calculated by area balance is the layer-parallel strain, which could be accommodated by displacement on sub-resolution faults. Accordingly, the layer-parallel strain can help us predict the magnitude and distribution of sub-resolution faults on the basis of analysis of the structural style and rheological behavior.     

银川地震台CTS-1数字地震仪震级校正初探

主要分析讨论了2002年1月~2005年2月银川台数字地震仪测定的震级与中国数字地震台网观测报告震级的误差,给出银川台CTS-1数字地震仪震级的校正值,以提高银川台地震速报的精度。同时初步探讨分析了银川台数字地震仪震级误差的原因。     

依舒地堑汤原、方正断陷古近纪边界断裂活动特征

依舒地堑位于黑龙江省东部,为一新生代断陷盆地,汤原断陷和方正断陷为其两个面积较大的二级构造单元。通过对汤原断陷和方正断陷边界断裂的研究,可以进一步了解依舒断裂带的形成和演化过程。研究发现,在始新世-渐新世依舒地堑边界断裂的活动整体上具有多中心、不均衡的特征,汤原断陷东部的边界断裂为控盆断裂,方正断陷东、西两侧的边界断裂对盆地的发展都具有一定的控制作用,但西部边界断裂为主要控盆断裂。断层的生长指数分析表明,依舒地堑内部的北西向断裂与边界断裂的活动具有一致的规律性,都起到协调边界断裂演化发展的作用。依舒地堑边界断裂转换引张方向是由莫霍面梯度带的倾斜方向所决定,梯度带的倾向与地堑的整体伸展方向相同。     

Geomorphic assessment of active tectonics in the Acambay graben,Mexican Volcanic Belt

Spatial variations of Quaternary deformation and tectonic activity of faults along the Acambay graben are assessed using geomorphic and morphometric approaches. The Acambay graben is an east–west trending structure of apparent Quaternary age, located in the central part of the Mexican Volcanic Belt, which gives rise to pronounced scarps over a distance of about 80 km. Continuing tectonic activity in the Acambay graben is confirmed by recent well documented seismic episodes. The intensity of active tectonics has been interpreted through a detailed geomorphic study of the fault-generated mountain fronts and fluvial systems. The combined geomorphic and morphometric data provide evidence for relative variations in tectonic activity among the Acambay graben faults. Geomorphic indices suggest a relatively high degree of tectonic activity along the Venta de Bravo and the Acambay–Tixmadeje faults, followed, in order of decreasing activity, by the Pastores, Temascalcingo and Tepuxtepec faults. Spatial variations within faults have also been identified, suggesting a higher level of tectonic activity at the tips of the faults. This pattern of variation in the relative degree of tectonic activity is consistent with field evidence and seismic data for the Acambay graben. Geomorphic evaluation of the Acambay graben faults suggests that the Acambay–Tixmadeje and Venta de Bravo faults, and specifically the tips of these faults and a central segment near the town of Venta de Bravo, should be considered as areas of potentially high earthquake risk. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

贺兰山银川段不同重现期山洪灾害风险与影响区划研究

为评估贺兰山银川段山洪灾害风险程度及其影响,利用高分辨率数字高程模型（DEM）、行政区划、水系和自动气象站历史降水数据,以及居民点、学校、桥梁等社会经济信息资料,采用FloodArea模型模拟与ArcGIS空间叠加统计分析相结合的方法,分析研究了贺兰山银川段不同重现期山洪灾害风险分布特征,及其对人口、土地利用和国内生产总值（GDP）的影响。结果表明：（1）贺兰山银川段10~100 a一遇山洪灾害低、中、高风险区面积分别为109.5~276.3 km²、45.0~231.0 km²、13.4~204.3 km²,同一风险等级的山洪灾害区划面积随着重现期增大呈显著增大趋势。（2）贺兰山10 a和20 a一遇山洪灾害风险区主要位于海拔1 130~1 450 m的山洪沟及其两侧区域,50 a一遇山洪灾害风险区主要集中在山洪沟下游和山前海拔1 130~1 180 m的冲击扇区,100 a一遇山洪灾害风险区覆盖整个山前海拔1 120~1 350 m的区域和冲击扇区。随着重现期增大,贺兰山山洪灾害风险区具有向上游（下游）区域扩展较慢（更快）的显著特征。（3）银川市受贺兰山10 a、20 a、50 a和100 a一遇山洪灾害影响总人口分别为7.30×10⁴人、9.87×10⁴人、1.65×10⁵人和2.39×10⁵人。随着山洪重现期增大,受灾害影响总人口呈显著增加趋势,低、中、高风险区受影响人口增速分别在-12.4%~20.5%、 48.6%~91.8%、163%~300%之间。（4）农田、草地受贺兰山山洪灾害影响最大,二者合计占受影响土地总面积的比例在82.1%~86.9%之间;其次是建设用地和耕地,两者占受影响土地总面积的比例在4.4%~9.1%和1.1%~4.6%之间,是银川市贺兰山山洪灾害防御的重点区域。（5）银川市受贺兰山10 a、20 a、50 a、100 a一遇山洪灾害中、高风险区影响的GDP合计分别为1.12×10⁹元、2.00×10⁹元、4.70×10⁹元、8.74×10⁹元;发生超50 a一遇山洪灾害时,沿山农业和工业产业、基础公共设施等会遭受较大经济损失。     

银川盆地中更新世以来的孢粉组合与古环境变化

通过对银川盆地北部重点井CK1孔（深300．39m)沉积物进行的系统的孢粉分析，探讨了银川盆地中更新世以来的植被演替和气候变化，区域孢粉组合特征清楚地反映了银川盆地900ka B.P.以来古植被经历了11个发展演替阶段；针阔混交林－灌丛草原→针阔混交林－灌木草原→疏林灌木草原→针阔混交林－草原→疏林灌木草原→针叶林－草原→暗针叶林为主的针叶林－草原→灌木草原→针阔混交林－灌丛草原→荒漠草原，与古植被发展演替阶段相应的气候环境经过了温湿→凉湿→温和→冷湿→温干→凉较湿→冷湿→温干→凉润→温较干→温干的变化。     

青藏高原西南部查孜地区中新世钾质火山岩地球化学及其成因

通常认为青藏高原的钾质-超钾质火山岩的形成多与地幔有着紧密的联系,然而最近对青藏高原的一些钾质-超钾质火山岩的研究显示一些钾质火山岩也可以起源于下地壳.青藏高原西南部查孜地区中新世火山岩是形成于13～11 Ma左右的一套钾质-超钾质岩石,根据岩石化学组成将其分为中基性火山岩组、中性火山岩组和流纹质火山岩.其中中基性火山岩组可能源于一个富含金云母的富集地幔源区;中性火山岩组可能是富钾的镁铁质下地壳部分熔融的产物;流纹质火山岩可能是拉萨地块在中新世时期的伸展构造运动而导致中上地壳因减压而发生部分熔融的产物.结合查孜地区及其邻近火山岩的年龄、化学组成以及岩浆组合,初步认为查孜地区火山岩可能与高原在中新世发生伸展活动而产生的南北向地堑系统有关.     

汾渭地堑的河流阶地对第四纪时期印度-欧亚板块碰撞带的构造响应

秦岭造山带前缘的汾渭地堑是新构造运动非常活跃的地区,地堑内发育了一系列第四纪河流阶地。通过对河流阶地及其沉积物的沉积学、土壤地层学、年代学及形成机制的研究,得到以下认识:渭河地堑发育了5级河流阶地,这些阶地均由底部的河床相和其上的第四纪风成沉积组成,这5级阶地最底部的黄土地层分别是L₃₃,L₁₅,L₉,L₆和L₂。在磁性地层学和气候地层学基础上,通过与深海氧同位素记录的对比,上述黄土层分别对应于深海氧同位素阶段104,36,22,16 和6;阶地年龄分别为2.60Ma,1.20Ma,0.90Ma,0.65Ma和 0.15Ma。新构造作用在渭河地堑的5级河流阶地的形成中起了决定性的作用,汾渭地堑及上述由正断层控制的河流阶地的形成与华北板块内部的NW-SE向地壳拉张密切相关,而后者与印度板块向北俯冲导致扬子板块与华北板块沿秦岭走滑断层的相对运动有直接联系,所以上述阶地的形成时期也正是第四纪时期印度板块向北阶段性俯冲加剧的时期。