钻探揭示的黄河断裂北段活动性和滑动速率

黄河断裂是银川盆地内展布最长、切割最深的一条深大断裂,也是银川盆地的东边界。由于其北段呈隐伏状,因此,该段的活动性和滑动速率长期未知,影响了对盆地演化和地震危险性的认识。文中选择具有石油地震勘探基础的陶乐镇为研究场点,以人工浅层地震勘探结果为依据,在黄河断裂北段布设了一排钻孔联合剖面,并对标志层进行年代测试,获得了断裂的活动时代和滑动速率。结果表明,黄河断裂北段在晚更新世末期或全新世有过活动,在（28.16±0.12）ka BP 以来的累积位移为0.96m,晚第四纪以来的平均滑动速率为0.04mm/a,该值明显低于南段灵武断层（0.24mm/a）;尽管向下切割了莫霍面,黄河断裂晚第四纪活动强度和发震能力均要低于切割相对浅的贺兰山东麓断裂;黄河断裂可能在新生代之前已经强烈活动并深切莫霍面,新生代以来,银川盆地的构造活动迁移分解到以贺兰山东麓断裂为主的多条断裂之上,地壳双层伸展模型可解释银川盆地现今深浅部构造活动间的联系。     

银川地区M_L4级地震活动特征研究

1970年以来银川地区ML4级地震在时间上丛集发生,分别从主震震前小震与震后余震分布特征、余震序列参数计算和震源机制解的角度,研究了以上地震的活动特征。结果显示:每次地震的发生均具有一定的独立性;可计算余震参数的地震序列为非前兆震群,这一点与实际相符;震源机制解显示几次地震的发震断层主要属于银川隐伏断裂,并可能与该断裂附近的一系列次级断裂有关。分析认为几次地震的发生可能是局部应力调整的结果,与未来该区域是否发生大震关系不大,同时可以推测未来该区域依旧可能发生类似震级的有感地震。     

银川地震台重力观测在民乐山丹地震前异常分析

对2003年度银川基准地震台重力观测资料进行潮汐分析和非潮汐分析,提取出2003年10月25日民乐山丹地震前3个月出现的异常信息,通过对银川台观测条件、仪器的工作情况和数据精度的分析,表明此异常信息可信,阐述一定距离范围内发生地震时,重力观测短临异常的形态特征。     

Oligocene–Miocene formation of the Haifa basin: Qishon–Sirhan rifting coeval with the Red Sea–Suez rift system

During mid-Oligocene to early-Miocene times the northeastern Afro-Arabian plate underwent changes, from continental breakup along the Red Sea in the south, to continental collision with Eurasia in the north and formation of the N–S trending Dead Sea fault plate boundary. Concurrent uplift and erosion of the entire Levant area led to an incomplete sedimentary record, obscuring reconstructions of the transition between the two tectonic regimes. New well data, obtained on the continental shelf of the central Levant margin (Qishon Yam 1), revealed a uniquely undisturbed sedimentary sequence which covers this time period. Evaporitic facies found in this well have only one comparable location in the entire eastern Mediterranean area (onland and offshore) over the same time frame — the Red Sea–Suez rift system. Analysis of 4150 km of multi and single-channel seismic profiles, offshore central Levant, shows that the sequence was deposited in a narrow basin, restricted to the continental shelf. This basin (the Haifa Basin) evolved as a half graben along the NW trending Carmel fault, which at present is one of the main branches of the Dead Sea fault. Re-evaluation of geological data onland, in view of the new findings offshore, indicates that the Haifa basin is the northwestern-most of a larger series of basins, comprising a failed rift along the Qishon–Sirhan NW–SE trend. This failed rift evolved spatially parallel to the Red Sea–Suez rift system, and at the same time frame. The Carmel fault would therefore seem to be related to processes occurring several million years earlier than previously thought, before the formation of the Dead Sea fault. The development of a series of basins in conjunction with a young spreading center is a known phenomenon in other regions worldwide; however this is the only known example from across the Arabian plate.     

Quaternary faulting in the Upper Rhine Graben revealed by high-resolution multi-channel reflection seismic

A high-resolution multichannel seismic reflection river profiling campaign was completed in July 2002 in the southern Upper Rhine graben (URG), along the River Rhine. Preliminary results show apparent Quaternary vertical slip rates, on intra-graben faults that are relatively slow, of the order of a few thousandths to a few hundredths of mm/yr. Moreover, kinematical data from the Ludwigshafen area show decreasing vertical slip rates since the Middle Pleistocene and/or a migration of tectonic activity. While still preliminary, these data show inhomogeneous and relatively slow tectonic activity in the URG that could probably not alone have shaped the Quaternary graben morphology. To cite this article: G. Bertrand et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

淮南煤田八里塘煤矿深部控煤构造研究

八里塘煤矿位于淮南复向斜内的谢桥向斜南翼,由于受区域推覆构造的影响,矿区总体构造呈轴向近东西的不对称倒转褶皱形态,其两翼倾向倾角变化剧烈。煤矿深部构造为逆冲推覆构造区,上覆系统由阜凤逆冲断层及其分支断层的推覆构造断夹块组成,下伏系统由淮南复向斜次级褶皱谢桥向斜南翼原地系统组成。经估算位于F2断层（阜凤逆冲断层）下盘至-1200m水平的13-1、11-2、8-2、8-1煤层累计资源量约8000万t。     

遥感技术在银川市湿地生态研究中的应用

银川市近年湿地生态系统较往年有较大的改善,主要体现在湿地面积的增长。本文主要运用RS技术对遥感图进行处理以及运用GIS技术,以银川市部分地区为研究对象,进行湿地生态系统健康分析研究,从而得出结论,并依据此结论对银川市生态系统健康进行评价与研究,提出相应建议,并希望有关部门能够参考并运用于银川市湿地生态健康的保护。     

Syn-depositional continental rifting of the Southeastern Neo-Tethys margin during the Albian–Cenomanian: evidence from stratigraphic correlation

ABSTRACT

Albian–Cenomanian successions (Kazhdumi and Sarvak formations) represent remarkable variations in thickness, facies, fauna, and environments throughout the Zagros area. In the Coastal Fars (Charmu section), sedimentological and paleontological data evidence an intrashelf, with depths of 10s–100s m, surrounded by a shallow carbonate platform. Due to its depth, deposition of sequences in this setting has been controlled by eustatic sea-level changes rather than eurybathic changes, and several condensation episodes occurred related to marine transgressions. These observations are different from those in the adjacent sections in the Coastal Fars which recorded subaerial exposures instead. Combined with previous studies, this study denotes several intrashelf basins enclosed by a shallow carbonate platform on the southeastern margin of the Neo-Tethys during the Albian–Cenomanian. Development of intrashelf basins corresponds to basement faults in the Fars Salient. Likely, an extensional tectonic regime associated with a rifting event created horst–graben architecture by exerting extension along the basement faults and reactivating salt structures. Deposition on these troughs and highs led to the facies and thickness variations of the concomitant sequences. Development of several intrashelf basins on the southeastern margin of the Neo-Tethys indicates that syn-depositional continental rifting event could occur during the Albian–Cenomanian, prior to the tectonic inversion around the earliest Turonian.     

高精度静态人口空间分布研究——以银川市西夏区为例

地震发生后，人口空间分布密度是决定救援力量部署的重要依据。然而，高精度人口空间分布数据存在获取和更新困难的问题，缺少有效的解决途径。以银川市西夏区为例，基于高空间分辨率遥感影像，通过建筑物解译与实地调查相结合的方式获取住宅建筑物信息，建立人口与住宅建筑物之间的关系模型，得到更客观真实的人口空间分布情况。研究结果表明，以高空间分辨率遥感影像解译住宅建筑物作为人口空间分布指示因子建模，得到的总体预测人口误差率为3.56%，人口平均相对误差率为9.19%，研究结果具有较高的可靠性，为震前灾害风险评估和震后灾情快速评估提供可靠的人口空间分布数据。