黑龙江省敦密断裂带镜泊湖段地堑地热资源评价

对黑龙江省敦密断裂带镜泊湖段地堑地热资源的研究,旨在为认识大型构造断裂带凹陷地段地热资源的形成规律及其评价提供例证。镜泊湖段地堑呈长条状展布,区域地质构造属郯庐断裂带东北延伸部分。地堑为巨厚的新近系、古近系沉积岩地层,地温梯度较高,约为3.2～4.0 ℃/ hm,埋深2 500 m处的温度为90.8 ℃,单井的单位出水量为54 m³/(d·m),地热地质条件优越。经综合资料和计算数据推测,镜泊湖段地堑为大型地热田;按地热井的地热流体单位出水量及开采适宜性分级评价指标,镜泊湖段地堑属热水量丰富的最适宜开采的地热田。镜泊湖段地堑地热田的发现,对在敦密断裂带、依舒断裂带以及郯庐断裂带寻找地热资源有一定的启示作用。     

Relocation of M ≥ 2 events of the 1989 Dôbi seismic sequence in Afar: evidence for earthquake migration

The Ethiopian side of central Afar was struck in August 1989 by the largest seismic sequence (three 6.1 ≤ M _s ≤ 6.3 events, 15 with M _s or m _b ≥ 5.0) since that of Serdo in 1969. Using the Djibouti seismological network, we relocated 297 of the events of that sequence. As most of the large events took place outside the network, we assessed the accuracy and stability of earthquake relocations by using three different velocity models and two relocation codes to try to relate individual shocks to distinct faults and surface breaks. A majority of the events apparently occurred underneath the floor of the Dôbi graben, an area about 45  km long and 15  km wide, rupturing boundary and inner floor faults, in agreement with the surface cracks and scarps that we mapped in the area. The relocation shows that the principal events propagated about 50  km northwestwards along the graben in the first 40  hr. A day and a half after the beginning of the sequence, smaller events ( M ≤ 4) started to propagate more than 55  km eastwards, towards Asal Lake. Using two three-component stations installed near the Ethiopian border, we could determine reliable depths for 21 events. The depths are compatible with a seismogenic crust about 14  km thick in the Dôbi and Hanle graben area. Although the Dôbi sequence ruptured about 50  km of the fault array extending from Serdo to Asal, where the regional stress was released by earthquakes in 1969 and 1978, respectively, a seismic gap about 50  km long still subsists along the northern part of the Gaggade region (Der'êla half-graben).     

渭河断陷及邻近地区地壳S波速度图象

选取１０４～１１２°Ｅ,３２．５～３８°Ｎ区域内陕西、山西、河南、湖北、甘肃、宁夏等省区的区域地震台网１９８４～１９９３年的１９４６个天然地震的Ｓ波观测资料,用地震层析成像方法反演了渭河断陷及其邻近地区的地壳Ｓ波速度图象,其结果表明地壳深部Ｓ波速度结构的不均匀性与该区大地构造单元、断裂构造及地震活动密切相关     

Geology and eruptive history of Unzen volcano, Shimabara Peninsula, Kyushu, SW Japan

During the past 500 thousand years, Unzen volcano, an active composite volcano in the Southwest Japan Arc, has erupted lavas and pyroclastic materials of andesite to dacite composition and has developed a volcanotectonic graben. The volcano can be divided into the Older and the Younger Unzen volcanoes. The exposed rocks of the Older Unzen volcano are composed of thick lava flows and pyroclastic deposits dated around 200–300 ka. Drill cores recovered from the basal part of the Older Unzen volcano are dated at 400–500 ka. The volcanic rocks of the Older Unzen exceed 120 km³ in volume. The Younger Unzen volcano is composed of lava domes and pyroclastic deposits, mostly younger than 100 ka. This younger volcanic edifice comprises Nodake, Myokendake, Fugendake, and Mayuyama volcanoes. Nodake, Myokendake and Fugendake volcanoes are 100–70 ka, 30–20 ka, and <20 ka, respectively. Mayuyama volcano formed huge lava domes on the eastern flank of the Unzen composite volcano about 4000 years ago. Total eruptive volume of the Younger Unzen volcano is about 8 km³, and the eruptive production rate is one order of magnitude smaller than that of the Older Unzen volcano.     

冲绳海槽弧后张裂构造及其动力机制讨论

在总结、讨论冲绳海槽弧后张裂构造的地形地貌、地球物理场和动力背景特征的基础上,归纳出海槽北、中、南三段之间的差异,以及它们在陆坡、槽底、岛坡上的不同表现特征.槽底雁行排列的地堑及断层斜切入陆坡,伴随的断块隆眷作用往南加强,使得钓鱼岛一赤尾屿隆起带区别于其北边的陆架外缘隆起带,吕宋岛向台湾的碰撞挤压引起的旋张活动加强了海槽南段的地壳拉张,从北往南岛坡侧都可以追踪出双列岛孤特性.海槽内部构造现象不能为笼统的构造动力背景所能完全解释,需要对各个典型中央地堑的具体深入探测研究.鉴于地堑、地垒、断层以及它们所界定的构造单元和它们内部发生的岩浆作用各有特点,最后讨论了各个地段中央地堑的构造属性、动力要素的差异及变化规律,以期为海槽构造动力的进一步深入研究提供借鉴参考.     

依-舒地堑下第三系地层格架与成因单元

依-舒地堑是大庆油田的主探区之一,下第三系是主要勘探目的层,准确地建立地层格架是油气勘探的基础。在占有大量资料的基础上,采用数理统计分析方法,建立了测井曲线、微量元素分层模式,有效地解决了测井曲线局部干扰和地层分析实验样品量少的问题。在综合考虑6种因素的基础上,以生物层序和构造层序单元为基础,建立了依-舒地堑的整体地层格架,提出了依-舒地堑统一地层格架对比方案,指出T₅、T₃、T₁地震反射层具有构造旋回意义,代表盆地演化的不同阶段,T₄、T₂地震反射层具有沉积学以及气候层序的意义。     

侯马盆地冲积扇及其流域地貌发育规律

根据从DEM数据中提取的侯马盆地冲积扇及其流域的多项地貌指标,分析了各地貌指标的空间分布规律,并通过地貌指标的空间分布曲线与山前地形高程曲线形态的对比以及地貌指标相关性分析来揭示冲积扇及其流域地貌的发育规律。结果表明,在侯马盆地相对隆起部位的冲积扇及其流域的地貌指标与在盆地凹陷部位的冲积扇及其流域的地貌指标有较大差异;流域地貌指标的空间分布受到盆地边界断层构造活动性的影响;冲积扇的发育主要受到流域规模、山前构造活动以及盆地基准面等多种因素共同的影响;流域内岩性的差异不是造成研究区域内冲积扇地貌差异的主要因素。     

山西1303年大地震破裂对相邻断裂段地震复发行为的影响

根据历史地震资料分析了山西断陷带中3个相连接断裂段的地震复发过程及其与1303年8级地震的联系.结果发现1303年大地震破裂曾造成相邻断裂段上地震复发行为发生改变,其中,北邻断裂段的一次地震被提前了300～400 a发生,南邻断裂段的另一次地震则被推迟了约300a发生,而1303年破裂过的一部分断裂面很可能长期处于较低的破坏应力下并以中强地震作调整性活动.在未受到1303年破裂影响的时期,各断裂段的地震复发均表现出时间可预测行为.通常认为,一个断裂段的破裂将会造成相连接的邻段至下一次地震时间间隔的缩短,但本文却发现这也可造成邻段至下一次地震时间间隔的延长.     

Pleistocene northwards fold propagation of the Jura within the southern Upper Rhine Graben: seismotectonic implications

On the basis of the geophysical (seismic profiles and electric tomography), geomorphic and geological data, we re-evaluate the post-Pliocene structural interpretation of the southern Upper Rhine graben (Basel–Mulhouse area): we demonstrate a Plio–Pleistocene northward propagation of the Jura thrust and fold belt up to Mulhouse proceeding from a succession of four 10 km apart ramps (from north to south Ferrette, Muespach, Magstatt and Rixheim) rooted within the late Triassic evaporitic marls acting as a decollement. This domain was previously considered as having undergone an on-going continuous extension (horst of Mulhouse bounded by the Quaternary Sirentz and Dannemarie grabens).The Quaternary activity of this thin-skinned tectonics induces the growth of a sedimentary wedge whose regional slope, which comprised between 1.4° and 1° to the north, also attests to a low friction basal detachment. More into details, these ramps correspond to 40–50-m high jumps within the forward topographic slope. Pleistocene activity is suggested just above the Muespach ramp by the presence of a 5–10-m north-facing scarp corresponding in depth to a 3-m vertical offset of early Pleistocene alluvial deposits. Farther to the north, a stronger incision of the Rhine Würm terrace can be interpreted as the result of the growth of the Mulhouse–Rixheim frontal ramp.This northward propagation of the Jura thrust and fold belt is strongly controlled by the Oligocene structural inheritage. The development of the frontal ramp in Mulhouse has to be related to the Oligocene significant vertical offset of the Triassic evaporite along the Mulhouse Railway Station fault preventing a propagation of the decollement farther to the north. In the same way, the fold propagation is laterally segmented by the N20°E trending Oligocene fabrics (from East to West, Rhine Valley flexure fault, Allschwil–Istein fault system and Illfurth fault) which acts above the decollement as lateral ramps. To the west, the development of a shallow anticline along the Illfurth fault suggests that the thin-skinned propagation is oblique with respect to the Oligocene fabrics. It results in spacial contrast between a left-lateral-reverse and a right-lateral–normal shallow kinematics along the western and eastern lateral ramps, respectively. In depth to the east, it also induces a vertical contrast between shallow (right-lateral–normal) and deep (left-lateral given by fault plane solutions) kinematics along the Istein–Allschwill–Rhine Valley fault system.Few arguments supporting a nucleation of the Basel-1356 earthquake, the strongest event in NW Europe in the last thousand years, onto the Rhine Valley fault system beneath the decollement have been given. However, we emphasize that the above mentioned coeval thin (aseismic)- and thick (seismic)-skinned tectonics along the Istein–Allschwill–Rhine Valley fault system would make difficult both the identification and the interpretation of the surface rupture of the Basel-1356 earthquake.     

大地构造环境对世界主要类型银矿的控制作用

不同大地构造环境控制了不同类型的银矿床。火山弧和岛弧控制了浅成低温热液型和黑矿型银矿床。裂谷带的地垒之上产出有浅成低温热液银矿床、中深中温次火山热液银矿床、斑岩型银矿床和矽卡岩型银矿床。裂谷带的地堑之中产出有五元素矿床、碱性火山岩中的块状硫化物型银矿床、沉积岩中的块状硫化物型银矿床、砂岩型铜银矿床。