乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川积累区透底冰芯地层及冰结构分析

对乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川积累区一支深达９１．６４ｍ的透底冰芯进行了详细的层位及冰结构分析，结果表明，在２０ｍ深度以内，很好地保存了原始沉积的特征，但在７０￣８０ｍ深处还发现小密度的乳白色冰占优势的冰层，可能形成于小冰期，中层具有动力变质及再结晶作用共存及反复消长的结构特征（冰晶尺寸、气泡），未见单极大型组构，但出现弱竖环形组构，底层出现弱宝石状的多极大组构。     

淮南谢—矿煤的组成对甲烷吸附性的影响

从淮南谢—矿五层煤（Ｃ＿（１３）、Ｂ＿（１１ｂ）、Ｂ＿（１０）、Ｂ＿（４ｂ）和Ａ＿３）中精选出镜煤、壳质暗煤、惰性暗煤及构造煤，采用重量法，分别测定它们的甲烷吸附量，从而研究不同成分组成的煤其甲烷吸附性能。     

从天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化估计近百年来该地区夏季升温

通过冰川波动历史来揭示气候变化是一种重要的方法。然而，以往有关这一方面的研究大都是一些定性的。文章试图依据冰种变化来定量的研究气候变化，并且通过近百年来天山乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川的变化，揭示出本世纪以来该河源地区夏季气温上升约０．２３￣０．２５℃，同时，对于该冰川不同长度规模时的气候敏感性也进行了讨论。     

古交矿区8号煤的实验室热解脱硫

介绍了古交矿区8号煤在不加催化剂和加催化剂两种条件下的实验室热解脱硫试验情况．结果表明，在不加催化剂时，升温速度为5～10℃／min脱硫效果最好，脱硫率大于40％；当在原煤中添加催化剂AlCl3和NH4Cl时，有较好的脱硫作用，焦炭中灰分也没有明显提高，而当添加催化剂CuCl2和CaO时，不能脱除煤中硫。并据此提出了建议脱硫方案。     

山东龙口大顶金矿地质特征及找矿方向

重点介绍大顶金矿区的地质特征及区内主要矿脉体(36号矿脉群)特征，同时，对控矿因素作了一定的分析，初步总结了36号矿脉群在双顶矿段北东缘的成矿规律，指明了本矿区的找矿标志及下一步的找矿方向。     

对我国金刚石钻头胎体经典配方的理论优化和建议

选取合理可信的约束条件对我国经典的63号金刚石钻头胎体配方进行了优化验证，获得理论认识，并依此对已有成熟配方的改进提出了建议。     

Suspended sediment and total dissolved solid yield patterns at the headwaters of Urumqi River,northwestern China: a comparison between glacial and non‐glacial catchments

In order to understand the differences in the suspended sediment and total dissolved solid (TDS) yield patterns between the glacial and non‐glacial catchments at the headwaters of Urumqi River, northwestern China, water samples were collected from a glacier catchment and an empty cirque catchment within the region, during three melting seasons from 2006 to 2008. These samples were analyzed to estimate suspended sediment and TDS concentrations, fluxes and erosion rates in the two adjoining catchments. There were remarked differences in suspended sediment and TDS yield patterns between the two catchments. Suspended sediment concentrations were controlled mainly by the sediment source, whereas TDS concentrations were primarily related to the hydrologic interaction with soil minerals. Generally, the glacial catchment had much higher suspended sediment and TDS yields, together with higher denudation rates, than the non‐glacial catchment. Overall, glacial catchment was mainly dominated by physical denudation process, whereas the non‐glacial catchment was jointly influenced by physical and chemical denudation processes. The observed differences in material delivery patterns were mainly controlled by the runoff source and the glacial processes. The melting periods of glacier and snow were typically the most important time for the suspended sediment and TDS yields. Meanwhile, episodic precipitation events could generate disproportionately large yields. Subglacial hydrology dynamics, glaciers pluck and grind processes could affect erodibility, and the large quantities of dust stored on the glacier surface provided additional sources for suspended sediment transport in the glacial catchment. These mechanisms imply that, in response to climate change, the catchment behaviour will be modified significantly in this region, in terms of material flux. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“中科2号”海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)幼虫期壳长遗传力的估计

基于全同胞组内相关法估计"中科2号"海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)幼虫期壳长的遗传力。通过平衡巢式交配实验设计构建了7个半同胞和21个全同胞"中科2号"海湾扇贝家系。在家系幼虫期的第1天和第6天分别测定每个全同胞家系的30个幼虫个体的壳长。利用SAS 9.0软件的一般线性模型(GLM)计算表型变量的原因方差组分,估算壳长遗传力。分析结果显示,"中科2号"海湾扇贝幼虫1日龄和6日龄壳长的遗传力分别为0.51和0.58。t检验显示两个日龄壳长遗传力的估计值均不显著(P0.05),且6日龄雌性遗传方差组分大于雄性遗传方差组分,说明雌性遗传方差组分随日龄增长可能存在较大母性效应。较大的加性遗传方差表明选择育种对于"中科2号"海湾扇贝的早期生长尚具有较大的改良潜力。     

Ecosystem services assessment and compensation costs for installing seaweed farms

In a global context of promotion and expansion of blue growth initiatives, the development of activities such as aquaculture calls for the assessment of the potential impacts on biodiversity at different levels and associated services. This paper presents an assessment of the potential impact of the installation of seaweed farms on ecosystem services and the induced compensation costs. Biophysical and socioeconomic indicators have been developed for helping decision makers to select the most suitable locations. The approach considers a multi-criteria approach based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA). The former is used to obtain biophysical ecosystem services and socioeconomic indicators and the latter to evaluate the costs required to compensate the loss of cultural and provisioning ecosystem services. A case-study in the Normand-Breton (Saint Malo) Gulf, France, illustrates this method through the analysis of hypothetical locations of seaweed farms. Results highlight the differences between alternative locations regarding biophysical constraints (in terms of distance and depth), potential risks of conflicts with existing uses, impacts on habitats and the ecosystem services delivered, and compensation costs. This case-study illustrates the flexibility of this approach which can be further adapted to include other indicators in order to deliver integrated information to coastal planners.     

Main technical innovations of Songke Well No.2 Drilling Project

Songke Well No.2, one of the main part of the scientific drilling project in Songliao Basin, which was drilled 7018 m and acquired the part of cores continuously from the Low Cretaceous to the Carboniferous and the Permian from the 2843 m deep, can be considered as the deepest continental drilling project in Asia. Aiming at the features of longer well sections, larger diameters and multiple spud-ins for coring of Songke Well No.2, this project broke through the “coring in small diameter and reaming in large diameter” spud-in drilling-completion procedures which are always used in large-diameter-well coring for continental scientific drilling projects in domestic and overseas and the drilling method of short-single-cylinder roundtrip footage. At the same time, “coring in the same diameter and completing drilling at one single diameter” was achieved at all φ311 mm and φ216 mm coring sections of more than one thousand meters long, high-efficient operation with “drilling long footage with drill tools combined in multi-cylinders” was achieved at deep coring section. Four world drilling records were created which include more than a thousand meters continuous coring at φ311 mm, and the footage per roundtrip footage at φ311 mm, φ216 mm and φ152 mm is all more than 30 m, all of these breakthroughs reduced at least 300 days for this project; moreover, considering the characteristics of formations that the geothermal gradient is high in the drilled sections and the inside-well temperature is over 240°C after drilling completion, a formate-polymer water-based mud system was developed by compounding attapulgite and sodium bentonite and by adding independently developed high-temperature stabilizer, which can provide critical technical support for successful well completion at 7018 m in the super-high-temperature environment It is the first time that the water-based mud is operated at the working temperature higher than 240°C in China; Besides, considering the high-quality requirement on cores imposed by the project, the method “mechanical cored is charge” to discharge core nondestructively on the ground was worked out, and more than 4000 m scatheless cores were discharged out of the drill pipes while maintaining original stratum structures.