刘店煤矿岩浆侵入与煤质特征初探

岩浆侵入是煤矿常见的构造现象之一,岩浆侵入后对煤层与煤质的影响也十分明显,岩浆侵入不仅破坏了煤层的原生结构、厚度、构造,还改变了煤质.本文依据刘店煤矿的勘探资料,对淮北矿业集团公司筹建矿井--刘店煤矿的岩浆侵入与煤质特征进行了探讨,以期为刘店煤矿的生产提供有益的帮助.     

Was the Panzhihua Large Fe-Ti Oxide Deposit,SW China,Formed by Silicate Immiscibility?

The Panzhihua mafic intrusion, which hosts a world-class Fe-Ti-V ore deposit, is in the western Emeishan region, SW China. The formation age(～260 Ma), and Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that the Panzhihua intrusion is part of the Emeishan large igneous province and has little crustal contamination. To assess ore genesis of the Panzhihua Fe-Ti-V ore deposit, two different models have been provided to explain the formation, namely silicate immiscibility and normal fractional crystallization. Silicate...     

辽宁五龙地区中生代火成岩成因及其找矿意义

辽宁五龙金矿是辽东地区大型岩浆热液型矿床之一,成矿作用主要与中生代火成岩有关,为了进一步理清五龙地区中生代火成岩成因,本文对五龙金矿区大量花岗斑岩脉、闪长岩脉、三股流岩体和其中的各类脉岩进行了单颗粒锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb测年和岩石主、微量元素地球化学研究。结果表明,五龙地区岩浆岩形成时代主要有晚侏罗世和早白垩世,矿区内近南北向展布的花岗斑岩脉形成于晚侏罗世（154.3±0.9~155.6±1.1 Ma）,指示矿区在晚侏罗世受到区域最大主应力方向为近南北向;三股流岩体成岩最新年龄（116.8±0.8~117.3±0.7 Ma）基本位于前人报道的年龄范围（111~129 Ma）;地球化学数据表明各类岩浆岩属于高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列,具有相同源区特征,形成于活动大陆边缘俯冲伸展环境下的弧岩浆,并且具有壳幔混合及进一步演化特征;结合不同深度标高成矿元素丰度特征,指示闪长岩与成矿作用密切相关,并且越往深部成矿潜力越大,对该地区找矿预测具有重要指导意义。     

新生代辉绿岩侵入对围岩物性的影响:以苏北盆地洋心次凹为例

传统观念认为岩浆活动区是油气勘探的禁区,但现今理论研究与实践勘探发现岩浆侵入作用能够显著改造围岩物性。目前岩浆侵入对围岩具体的影响认识不清,查明岩浆侵入影响围岩物性的机理对油气勘探具有重要意义。以苏北盆地洋心次凹的丰页1井为例,结合测井、地震及岩心等资料重点分析辉绿岩侵入对围岩储层物性与储集空间的改造,深入讨论其影响机制。苏北地区丰页1井的辉绿岩在吴堡运动期(约59 Ma)开始顺层侵入,侵入体中心相为辉长岩,侵入体边缘相为辉绿岩,变质相为板岩,上变质带厚度大于下变质带厚度。围岩由非渗透性泥岩转变为油气储层,储集空间为辉绿岩侵入和泥岩变质过程中产生的裂缝与孔隙。辉绿岩的侵入显著提高围岩储层物性,主要的机制有变质固结、热液破裂、冷凝收缩和溶蚀作用4种,其中热液破裂和溶蚀作用对储层的形成最为关键。     

东昆仑夏日哈木镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体岩石成因与拉张型岛弧背景

赋存超大型镍矿床的夏日哈木Ⅰ号岩体位于东昆仑造山带西段之东昆中早古生代岛弧带。锆石U-Pb年龄为439Ma,由分属橄榄岩相、辉石岩相、辉长-苏长岩相的多种岩石类型组成。堆晶结构与堆晶层理发育,属岩床状层状岩体。不平衡结晶作用在岩浆演化过程中居于主导地位。矿物结晶顺序为尖晶石/橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→单斜辉石+斜长石→褐色普通角闪石。各种岩石均富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P,显示了岛弧环境岩浆岩的地球化学特征。Nd、Sr同位素组成均属富集型地幔范畴和EMⅡ型趋势。矿区内的Ⅲ号与Ⅳ号岩体属蛇绿岩套,证明在昆中岛弧带内部存在岩石圈破裂带。区域构造格局与演化历史以及区域地球物理场的研究表明,东昆中岛弧带属拉张型岛弧带。据此,可以认定拉张型岛弧环境是全球范围内第五种有利于形成镍矿床的构造环境,中古生代是我国第三个镍矿主成矿期。     

岩脉多次侵入条件下斜坡变形破坏模式及稳定性分析

岩质斜坡受到花岗岩脉的多次侵入,坡体结构和岩体结构均有较大的改变,因此斜坡的变形破坏模式和稳定性均有可能发生变化。本文以雅砻江中游楞古水电站坝址区嘎夏帕斜坡为例,对多次花岗岩脉侵入条件下斜坡的变形破坏模式和稳定性进行分析。嘎夏帕斜坡原本为陡倾中薄层砂岩组成的逆向坡,岩体完整性较好,稳定性较高; 由于受到花岗岩脉的多次侵入,坡体变成砂岩和岩脉互层的结构,在岩脉挤压作用下,大部分岩体呈碎裂状,完整性差,坡体的变形模式由弯曲-倾倒式变为挡墙溃决式。中部完整性较好的砂岩成为挡墙,和前部岩脉一起阻止后部大方量碎裂状岩体下滑,但是随着前部脉体的失稳破坏,斜坡有可能发生挡墙溃决式整体滑坡。并通过数值模拟软件3DEC进行了验证,计算结果与定性分析一致。本文的结论可以为此类斜坡的稳定性分析和防治提供理论支持,具有一定的参考价值和实际意义。     

卧龙湖煤矿岩浆蚀变煤层中汞的分布与赋存特征

系统采集淮北卧龙湖煤矿岩浆蚀变煤层中岩浆岩、煤及顶底板岩石样品,测试分析了样品中汞、灰分、挥发分、水 分以及各形态硫的含量,探讨了岩浆蚀变煤层中汞的分布与赋存特征。结果表明：（1） 岩浆侵入导致煤中灰分升高,挥发 分降低,煤中硫主要以黄铁矿硫和有机硫存在;（2） 岩浆侵入导致煤中汞的富集,卧龙湖煤矿岩浆蚀变煤层中汞的平均含 量高达0.23×10-6,是华北石炭-二叠纪煤、中国煤以及美国煤中汞的平均含量的1.4 倍,1.2 倍和1.3 倍;（3） 煤中汞的含量 随离岩浆侵入体距离增大有逐渐降低的趋势,但在煤岩接触带附近,汞在岩浆侵入体上方和下方的煤中呈现不同的分布特 征;（4） 煤中的汞主要以无机结合态的形式存在,且大部分赋存在煤中的黄铁矿中,同时亦存在与有机硫结合的汞。岩浆 热液对煤层的侵入,导致煤质以及煤中汞的含量和赋存方式发生了显著变化。     

New interpretation of the Franciscan mélange at San Simeon coast,California: tectonic intrusion into an accretionary prism

Many concepts and interpretations on the formation of the Franciscan mélange have been proposed on the basis of exposures at San Simeon, California. In this paper, we show the distribution of chaotic rocks, their internal structures and textures, and the interrelationship between the chaotic rocks and the surrounding sandstones (turbidites). Mélange components, particularly blueschists, oceanic rocks, including greenstone, pillow lava, bedded chert, limestone, sandstone, and conglomerate, have all been brecciated by retrograde deformation. The Cambria Slab, long interpreted as a trench slope basin, is also strongly deformed by fluidization, brecciation, isoclinal folding, and thrusting, leading us to a new interpretation that turbiditic rocks (including the Cambria Slab) represent trench deposits rather than slope basin sediments. These rocks form an accretionary prism above mélanges that were diapirically emplaced into these rocks first along sinistral-thrust faults, and then along dextral-normal faults. Riedel shear systems are observed in several orders of scale in both stages. Although the exhumation of the blueschist blocks is still controversial, the common extensional fractures and brecciation in most of the blocks in the mélanges and further mixture of various lithologies into one block with mélange muddy matrix indicate that once deeply buried blocks were exhumed from considerable depths to the accretionary prism body, before being diapirically intruded with their host mélange along thrust and normal faults, during which retrograde deformation occurred together with retrograde metamorphism. Recent similar examples of high-pressure rock exhumation have been documented along the Sofugan Tectonic Line in the Izu forearc areas, in the Mineoka belt in the Boso Peninsula, and as part of accretionary prism development in the Nankai and Sagami troughs of Japan. These modern analogues provide actively forming examples of the lithological and deformational features that characterize the Franciscan mélange processes.     

对二郎坪群火神庙组物质组成的质疑与再认识

经研究证明，前人建立的二郎坪群火神庙组确有少量的亚碱性双峰式火山岩。这些火山岩零星地分布在几个地区，走向不连续，出露宽度一般为数百米。构成该组主体的是一条规模宏伟的侵入岩带，其岩石组合为辉长岩－闪长岩－石英闪长岩－斜长花岗岩－花岗岩，总体上表现为正序岩浆演化序列。这些侵入岩普遍经历了三个阶段的变形变质作用，即第一阶段为韧性变形；第二阶段为静态重结晶；第三阶段为带状褶劈理，表现了复杂而漫长的构造演化史。     

Statistical approach to determine the salinized ground water flow path and hydrogeochemical features around the underground LPG cavern,Korea

The ground water flow path of the coastal area in the Yellow Sea, Korea, was interpreted using both the cross‐correlation analysis of hydraulic properties and the principal component analysis (PCA) of ground water chemistry. Data was obtained from observation wells in the underground liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cavern constructed in the coastal area of Pyeongtaek. Cross‐correlation results showed that the operating pressure became more influenced on artificial factors for the variation of the groundwater level of the study area (45–66% of correlation coefficient) even though its affecting area was limited to the region with fractures or faults, and also showed that the delay time from the variation of operating pressure to the fluctuation of ground water level were relatively long periods (28–31 days). Three hydrogeochemical events (encrusted cement dissolution, host rock dissolution, and seawater intrusion), which were dominantly influenced on ground water quality, could be induced from the result of PCA. Quantitative evaluation for these events using the mixed equation with principal component scores suggest that the dissolution of encrusted cement materials was the predominant factor (39·0% of the total mixed proportion) to change the chemical composition of the seepage water during the ground water flow from the observation wells to the cavern. Integration of the statistical results also imply that ground water flow and hydrogeochemistry were predominantly affected by artificial factors such as cavern operation pressure and dissolution of encrusted cement materials, which were interdependent factors on the observation wells with high cross‐correlation coefficients and pH. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.