Environmental responses to Lateglacial climatic fluctuations recorded in the sediments of pre‐Alpine Lake Mondsee (northeastern Alps)

Investigation of the sedimentary record of pre‐Alpine Lake Mondsee (Upper Austria) focused on the environmental reaction to rapid Lateglacial climatic changes. Results of this study reveal complex proxy responses that are variable in time and influenced by the long‐term evolution of the lake and its catchment. A new field sampling approach facilitated continuous and precisely controlled parallel sampling at decadal to sub‐annual resolution for µ‐XRF element scanning, carbon geochemistry, stable isotope measurements on ostracods, pollen analyses and large‐scale thin sections for microfacies analysis. The Holocene chronology is established through microscopic varve counting and supported by accelerator mass spectrometry ¹⁴C dating of terrestrial plant macrofossils, whereas the Lateglacial age model is based on δ¹⁸O wiggle matching with the Greenland NGRIP record, using the GICC05 chronology. Microfacies analysis enables the detection of subtle sedimentological changes, proving that depositional processes even in rather large lake systems are highly sensitive to climate forcing. Comparing periods of major warming at the onset of the Lateglacial and Holocene and of major cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas reveals differences in proxy responses, reflecting threshold effects and ecosystem inertia. Temperature increase, vegetation recovery, decrease of detrital flux and intensification of biochemical calcite precipitation at the onset of the Holocene took place with only decadal leads and lags over a ca. 100 a period, whereas the spread of woodlands and the reduction of detrital flux lagged the warming at the onset of the Lateglacial Interstadial by ca. 500–750 a. Cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas is reflected by the simultaneous reaction of δ¹⁸O and vegetation, but sedimentological changes (reduction of endogenic calcite content, increase in detrital flux) were delayed by about 150–300 a. Three short‐term Lateglacial cold intervals, corresponding to Greenland isotope substages GI‐1d, GI‐1c2 and GI‐1b, also show complex proxy responses that vary in time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

淮南矿区谢桥矿A组煤底板灰岩组分结构及水化学特征分析

A组煤(1煤)是矿井延伸开采的主要煤层,受底板承压岩溶水威胁。随着开采深度的增加,A组煤层底板灰岩突水几率也随之逐渐增大。采集谢桥矿A组煤层底板石炭系太原组石灰岩样品及对应层位的太灰水样品,并对不同层石灰岩样品进行显微镜下、X射线衍射(XRD)以及X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析,对水样进行常规离子组分的测试分析,探讨了A组煤石灰岩矿物组成、化学组分及离子含量之间的关系。研究结果表明:太原组C2Ⅰ层和C2Ⅲ层石灰岩孔隙发育,溶蚀能力强,为含水层;C2Ⅱ层石灰岩裂隙不发育,岩溶不发育,为相对隔水层;太灰水中Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+含量主要与石灰岩组成、pH值以及阳离子交换作用有关;Cl-含量与沉积水体盐度相一致。将岩石的矿物学特征与地下水化学组成同时进行研究对A组煤开采可行性分析具有重要现实意义。     

灰岩和白云岩的X射线荧光光谱分析

使用XRF粉末压片法可直接测定灰岩和白云岩中的主要化学成分,对样品进行15min研磨和使用30×10~2 MPa的制样压力,可以减小基体效应中的粒度效应,再通过数学校正法消除基体效应中的吸收、增强效应,分析结果的准确度和精密度可与化学法相比。     

Zircon U–Pb ages of Miocene granitic rocks in the Koshikijima Islands: Implications for Neogene tectonics in the Kyushu region,southwest Japan

The opening of the Japan Sea separated southwest Japan from the Eurasian continent during the Early to Middle Miocene. Since then, diverse igneous activities have occurred in relation to the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath southwest Japan. The Okinawa Trough formed in the back-arc region of the Ryukyu Arc since the Late Miocene. In the Koshikijima Islands, off the west coast of Kyushu and near the northern end of the Okinawa Trough, felsic to intermediate igneous rocks with Middle to Late Miocene radiometric ages occur as granitic intrusions and dikes. We obtained zircon U–Pb ages and whole-rock major- and trace-element compositions of Koshikijima granitic rocks to elucidate their magmagenesis. The U–Pb ages of granitic rocks in Kamikoshikijima and Shimokoshikijima and a dacite dike are about 10 Ma, suggesting that most magmatism on the Koshikijima Islands was coeval with early rifting in the Okinawa Trough. We infer that magmagenesis occurred via melting of lower crustal mafic rocks related to rifting in the Okinawa Trough based on the arc-like trace-element compositions of these I-type granites. Andesitic dikes preceded felsic igneous activity on the Koshikijima Islands, and their ages and petrochemistry will help elucidate the magmatism and tectonics in this area throughout the Miocene.     

无机多元素现代仪器分析技术

本文重点介绍地质领域目前广泛应用的无机多元素现代仪器分析技术,包括电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、原子荧光光谱(AFS)、电子探针分析技术和共享平台的建立、激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区原位分析技术以...     

XRF岩芯扫描分析方法及其在湖泊沉积研究中的应用

XRF岩芯扫描分析方法在海洋和湖泊沉积环境变化方面的应用研究,已取得了显著的成果,但在国内尚未见到研究成果的报道。XRF岩芯扫描分析方法具有快速、无破坏性、连续测试元素和对样品制备要求不高等特点,在获取高分辨环境记录方面更具独特的优势。因此,这一分析方法具有极好的应用前景,它能提高分析的准确性和精确度,加强高分辨率湖泊沉积与环境演变的整体性研究,促进环境指标的综合运用与定量化研究。从介绍XRF岩芯扫描分析方法的原理、特点、影响因素、分析结果的校正入手,进而分析该测试方法的应用现状与远景。     

3万年以来挪威海南部冰岛-苏格兰溢流变化及其对海冰活动的响应

北欧海南部沉积物所记录的末次冰盛期以来千年尺度快速气候事件下的溢流水变化特征,对研究历史上热盐环流与气候的相互作用机制有着重要意义.本文基于冰岛东北部陆架IS-1B岩芯(65°36.357′N, 8°59.045′W)上部130 cm的沉积物粒度组成、颜色反射率和高分辨率XRF元素地球化学扫描测试数据,结合有孔虫AMS 14C测年数据和邻近海区站位沉积资料,利用因子分析等方法,重建了研究区3万年(HS 3期)以来的沉积记录,并重点研究了冰岛-苏格兰溢流水(ISOW)的历史变化特征及其对海冰活动的响应.研究结果显示, ISOW在末次冰盛期初期、 HS1末期到 B/A 暖期和全新世时期强度较高,在HS 3期末期、末次冰盛期中后期到HS 1初期和YD时期强度较弱,其中粒度和地球化学证据都指示ISOW在末次冰盛期和YD时期受北冰洋底层水入侵和海平面下降的影响可能发生了多次停滞.总体来说,挪威海南部ISOW强度的变化与表层海水温度有较强的相关性,表现为冰期减弱,间冰期增强的变化趋势.挪威海北部海冰的覆盖范围自HS 3末期至末次冰盛期开始逐渐南移,并在HS 2初期越过冰岛-苏格兰海脊,在冰岛海盆北部形成常年的冰覆盖. HS 1期中后期到B/A暖期,海冰影响范围开始逐渐下降,但在 B/A 暖期末期到YD时期海冰活动便快速恢复,直至进入全新世后,挪威海南部海冰活动强度才逐渐下降,一直保持相对稳定的季节性海冰活动状态.     

用滤膜法进行稀土氧化物原料组分的X射线荧光光谱分析

本文叙述了用沉淀抽滤法制备薄试样,X射线荧光光谱法测定混合稀土氧化物原料组分的分析方法。本法定量下限为0.01％—0.17％,方法精度为0.85％—14.9％。对几种类型的原料分析结果表明,本法与ICP-AES法结果基本相符。方法简便快速,可用于混合稀土氧化物原料的成分分析。