Neutron Activation Analysis, Atomic Absorption and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Review for 2003

This review for the year 2003 deals with three relatively well-established, mature, analytical techniques (neutron activation analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry) that nevertheless remain very important for the characterisation of geological and environmental samples. Developments in neutron activation analysis included modification to the technique in relation to the determination of platinum-group elements, as well as consideration of sample size in ore grade estimation. A considerable body of literature was published on the application of atomic absorption spectrometry in the analysis of environmental samples. Many of these proposed technical and methodological improvements, notably in extraction procedures. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry saw developments in in situ analysis, synchrotron micro-XRF (μ-SRXRF) and a confocal X-ray set-up for 3D elemental imaging. XRF technologies were used in the analysis of geological samples, reference materials, glasses, solutes and environmental materials.     

Parentage Identification of Differentiated Achondritic Meteorites by Hand‐held Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

We evaluate the potential of a hand‐held energy dispersive XRF spectrometer for the preliminary classification of non‐chondritic differentiated meteorites. The studied achondrites include nine lunar meteorites, seventeen Martian meteorites, five angrites and eighteen meteorites from asteroid 4 Vesta. Analytical precision and accuracy was tested on thirty‐nine terrestrial igneous rock slabs with a wide range of composition. Replicate analyses, performed on the studied meteorites, show that Fe/Mn values together with Si and Ca/K ratio can be used in the discrimination of different achondrite groups. Fusion crust's Fe/Mn values of meteorites from Vesta and Mars are indistinguishable from those of the interior implying that even measurements on the fusion‐crusted external surface could be sufficient to pigeonhole non‐chondritic meteorites. Hand‐held energy dispersive XRF spectrometer is a non‐destructive but very effective technique for preliminary classification of achondrites in the field and in laboratory and for the identification of mislabelled meteorites in museum collections.     

一种改进的X荧光分析基体效应校正方法及软件实现

在能量色散 Ｘ 荧光谱分析中,使用罗兹方程法校正基体效应,存在一定的局限性。为了获得最佳校正效果,本文提出了一种改进的基体效应校正法。该法是以罗兹方程为基础,在校正模型中引入特散比,并加强待校正元素在模型中作用的一种经验系数法。为了能够快速地对地质样品进行批量分析,在 Ｗ ｉｎｄｏｗ ｓ９８ 平台上,运用 Ｖ Ｃ＋ ＋ ５．０ 工具编制了分析软件,由其完成全部校正分析过程。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定碳酸锶产品中锶钡钙镁组分含量

采用人工配制系列标准样,硼酸镶边垫底粉末压片方法制样,建立X射线荧光光谱法测定SrCO3产品中锶钙钡镁含量的定量分析曲线。由于SrCO3产品中锶含量极高,按照仪器给定的测量条件进行测量会产生谱峰饱和现象,造成计数率溢出,分析结果误差较大;文章对锶的分析条件进行了研究,提出降低锶的测定功率来降低计数率,以达到测量目的。同时还对自成特性很差的SrCO3产品的压片条件进行了讨论。使用α经验系数法校正基体效应,通过对实际样进行检验,测量值与化学分析值结果吻合。方法的检出限和准确度均满足分析要求。方法的RSD分别为Sr0.029%,Ba0.17%,Ca0.89%,Mg0.20%。     

Quantitative micro‐X‐ray fluorescence scanning spectroscopy of wet sediment based on the X‐ray absorption and emission theories: Its application to freshwater lake sedimentary sequences

Micro‐X‐ray fluorescence scanning spectroscopy of marine and lake sedimentary sequences can provide detailed palaeoenvironmental records through element intensity proxy data. However, problems with the effects of interstitial pore water on the micro‐X‐ray fluorescence intensities have been pointed out. This is because the X‐ray fluorescence intensities are measured directly at the surfaces of split wet sediment core samples. This study developed a new method for correcting X‐ray fluorescence data to compensate for the effects of pore water using a scanning X‐ray analytical microscope. This involved simultaneous use of micro‐X‐ray fluorescence scanning spectroscopy and an X‐ray transmission detector. To evaluate the interstitial pore water content from the X‐ray transmission intensities, a fine‐grained sediment core retrieved from Lake Baikal (VER99‐G12) was used to prepare resin‐embedded samples with smooth surfaces and uniform thickness. Simple linear regression between the linear absorption coefficients of the samples and their porosity, based on the Lambert–Beer law, enabled calculation of the interstitial pore spaces and their resin content with high reproducibility. The X‐ray fluorescence intensities of resin‐embedded samples were reduced compared with those of dry sediment samples because of: (i) the X‐ray fluorescence absorption of resin within sediment; and (ii) the sediment dilution effects by resin. An improved micro‐X‐ray fluorescence correction equation based on X‐ray fluorescence emission theory considers the instrument's sensitivity to each element, which provides a reasonable explanation of these two effects. The resin‐corrected X‐ray fluorescence intensity was then successfully converted to elemental concentrations using simple linear regression between the data from micro‐X‐ray fluorescence scanning spectroscopy and from the conventional analyzer. In particular, the calculated concentration of SiO₂ over the depth of the core, reflecting diatom/biogenic silica concentration, was significantly changed by the calibrations, from a progressively decreasing trend to an increasing trend towards the top of the core.     

便携式X射线荧光元素分析仪的应用

利用NITON XL3t 500型便携式X射线荧光光谱仪,选择云南会泽县金牛厂铅锌矿区进行样品分析条件试验.试验中分别对实验室分析与X射线荧光光谱仪分析结果,以及不同湿度条件下分析结果进行了对比研究,确定了最佳的应用条件.结果表明,实验室分析与X射线荧光光谱仪分析结果相近,但湿度因素会降低元素含量.所以应用便携式X荧光光谱仪进行试验不失为一种方便快捷和行之有效的方法.     

X射线荧光滤纸片法测定纯氧化铥中主量氧化铥及相邻稀土氧化物杂质

本文拟定了一种采用滤纸片法制样,X射线荧光直接测定纯氧化铥中氧化铥主量以及氧化钬、氧化铒、氧化镱、氧化镥和氧化钇等稀土杂质含量的分析方法。其测定下限为:Tm_2O_30.11％、Ho_2O_30.20％、Er_2O_3 0.05％、Yb_2O_3 0.20％、Lu_2O_3 0.07％、Y_2O_3 0.40％。方法精度为0.2％～8.0％,对人工合成样品及试样分析结果表明方法准确度良好。方法操作简便快速、试剂耗费少、可用于稀土生产中低纯氧化铥产品的分析。     

X-ray fluorescence observations of the moon by SMART-1/D-CIXS and the first detection of Ti Kα from the lunar surface

The demonstration of a compact imaging X-ray spectrometer (D-CIXS), which flew on ESA's SMART-1 mission to the Moon (Racca et al., 2001; Foing et al., 2006), was designed to test innovative new technologies for orbital X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. D-CIXS conducted observations of the lunar surface from January 2005 until SMART-1 impacted the Moon in September 2006. Here, we present scientific observations made during two solar flare events and show the first detection of Titanium Kα from the lunar surface. We discuss the geological implications of these results. We also discuss how experience from D-CIXS has aided the design of a similar instrument (Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS)) that was launched on the 22nd October 2008 on India's Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon.     

联袂应用X 荧光与幅频激电法勘查川西某铜矿

在川西某铜矿区应用X荧光与幅频激电测量方法,证实了地质推测的隐伏含矿断裂的存在,并确定了该断裂的延伸方向和具体位置,取得了良好的地质找矿效果,为矿区进一步找矿及山地工い程的布置提供了科学依据.实践表明,在矿区采用X荧光扫面捕获Cu异常,以幅频激电拟断面测量解剖Cu异常,在技术组合上是科学的,对矿区勘查实践是实用和有效的.此次工作的结果充分体现了联袂应用X荧光与幅频激电现场测量的优越性和有效性.