内蒙古苏宏图地区黏土岩矿物组成与地球化学特征

为探究内蒙古苏宏图地区黏土岩的地球化学特征、沉积物质来源和构造环境,利用多晶X射线衍射（XRD）和ICP-AES/MS分析法对苏宏图地区SZK-2井20件黏土岩岩芯样品进行分析测试。结果表明：XRD分析显示苏宏图地区黏土岩中黏土矿物组成以伊利石为主,伊利石质量分数平均值为37.64%;与大陆上地壳相比,黏土岩相对富集SiO2、Al2O3、Zr、As,贫P2O5、MgO、MnO、Cr、Ni,两者的K2O、TiO2、Sr、Ba含量接近。黏土岩中稀土元素特征为轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,表现为明显的右倾,出现明显的Eu（平均值=0.60）负异常和Ce（平均值=1.01）轻微负异常,与大陆上地壳稀土元素的配分模式较为相似;K2O/Na2O-SiO2和微量元素构造背景判别图解中,样品多数落在大陆岛弧区,少量落在活动大陆边缘,反映了苏宏图地区沉积时期的物源来自于上地壳长英质物源且形成于大陆岛弧的构造背景中。     

Pressure-induced dehydration of dioptase: A single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy study

We present a synchrotron-based, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy study of natural green dioptase (Cu₆Si₆O₁₈·6H₂O) up to ∼30 GPa at room temperature. The lattice parameters of dioptase exhibit continuous compression behavior up to ∼14.5 GPa, whereupon a structural transition is observed. Pressure–volume data below 14.5 GPa were fitted to a second-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state with V₀ = 1440(2) ų and K₀ = 107(2) GPa, with K₀′ = 4(fixed). The low-pressure form of dioptase exhibits anisotropic compression with axial compressibility β_a > β_c in a ratio of 1.14:1.00. Based on the diffraction data and Raman spectroscopy, the new high-pressure phase could be regarded as a dehydrated form of dioptase in the same symmetry group. Pressure-induced dehydration of dioptase contributes broadly to our understanding of the high-pressure crystal chemistry of hydrous silicates containing molecular water groups.     

拓展的衍射CT技术反演多孔性海底声学参数

多孔性海底沉积层的声速、密度、孔隙结构等声学参数是描述海底地质的重要信息,也是声场数值预报、沿岸工程建设地点选择等工程应用中所必须的参数。本文从海底后向半平面不完全投影的散射特性出发,拓展医学上的衍射CT技术,重新推导出收发分置测试系统目标散射强度和相关图像剖面频谱样本的关系式。运用随机生长四参数生成法构建声场图像模型,通过收发分置散射声场的有限稀疏样本,完成单一方向入射线性调频波条件下的剖面图像信息反演验证,得出影响声学参数精度的调频波频率间隔和测量方向数,进一步反演多孔性海底沉积层的孔隙度和平均阻抗指数。与基于网格剖分的数值计算方法相比,本文方法计算效率提高约两个数量级。     

Hard X-ray imaging via focusing optics with mosaic crystals

In spite of the tremendous potential of hard X-ray astronomy (>10 keV) for studying high energy phenomena in celestial objects, the current generation of direct-viewing telescopes is heavily noise limited. It can accurately study only the strongest sources. Thus focusing of hard X-rays is mandatory in order to overcome these sensitivity limitations. Several focusing techniques of hard X-rays (>10 keV) are under study. We will discuss the Bragg diffraction technique and the imaging performance of a concentrator configuration based on this technique. Apart from its unprecedented flux sensitivity, the Bragg concentrators show intrinsic capabilities as polarimeters.     

孤立脉冲星的X射线光度

本文提出一种物理机制得到了孤立脉冲星的Ｘ射线光度与其自转能损失的理论关系式。它与孤立脉冲星的Ｘ射线观测数据是完全符合的。     

Absorption of gamma rays by X-ray photons around Cygnus X-3

We calculated the absorption of gamma rays of Cygnus X — 3 by the ambient X — ray photons through photon-photon pair production and inverse Compton scattering. Differences in the gamma ray spectrum between the X — ray high state and low state indicate the presence of this absorption.     

安宁河断裂带测区古构造残余应力随深度分布

以岩体正交异性弹性理论为基础，用Ｘ射线法，在安宁河断裂带测区，选取了９个钻孔的岩芯，测量了岩体中宏观残余应力场的水平和铅直三维主应力及最大剪和随深度的分布。分析了其沿深度的分布规律，求得了其铅直梯度值。     

铀矿物和含铀矿石中铀价态比值的X射线光电子能谱分析

在应用Ｘ射线光电子能谱对铀氧化物中铀价态比值定量分析的基础上，研究了对铀矿物和含铀矿石中铀价态的测量方法。结果表明，从含铀量０．９％－７２％的样品测得的Ｕ４＋／Ｕ总的比值与化学方法的结果相符。其分析误差能满足铀矿地质研究的需要。