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101.
本文介绍了由作者首创、以石英单晶片制成的一种用于粉晶X射线衍射仪上薄膜样品的底托——单晶无衍射样品板。与常规的玻璃板或者多孔素瓷板及银滤膜等样品底托相比,后二者因系结晶物质,会产生自身的衍射峰;玻璃板则在2?15—37°(Cu靶)间有一个宽大的衍射晕,这些都影响样品衍射花样的准确测定。以平行于石英(11.21)面网切割制成的单晶片,在所测定的2?3一135°范围内不存在任何衍射峰,背景值分布十分平稳,且明显低于玻璃样品板。使用这种新型的单晶无衍射样品板,将有助于提高粉晶X射线衍射仪测定的精确度。 相似文献
102.
黑硼锡镁矿是1985年在我国发现的一种新矿物,微孪晶特别发育,其电子衍射斑点往往具规律的分裂现像。用选区电子衍射获得[010]、[141]和[121]定向带轴电子衍射斑点分裂图,经矩阵分析,确定两套斑点分裂是由其呈挛晶结构关系所致,孪晶面为(101),属于面律孪晶,这种孪晶的微形貌由明场像(BF)得到证实。根据不同取向的电子衍射图,确定该矿物属单斜晶系,a_0=10.7,b_0=3.01,c_0=5.39,β=94.5°。上述挛晶结构特征及其晶体学数据与X射线单晶研究结果有很好的可比性。 相似文献
103.
104.
通过衍射线指标和面网指标的联系讨论了晶体的对称性对衍射指标h和k互换的影响。在下列情况下衍射指标h和k是不能互换的:在低级晶族;在四方晶系C_(4h)—4/m劳厄点群,六方品系C_(6h)—6/m劳厄点群和立方晶系T_h—m3劳厄点群对于hko和kkl型衍射;在三方晶系选取六方晶胞的情况下,在C_(3i)—3劳厄点群对于hol,okl,hko和hkl型衍射,在D_(3d)—3m劳厄点群对于holokl和hkl型衍射,以及在菱面体点阵除非h和k都是三的倍数。 相似文献
105.
在30kbar和900℃条件下,用等化学计量氧化物混合物合成了11个斜方辉石系列的样品,并对合成的样品进行了X射线粉晶分析和红外光谱分析。分析结果表明,晶胞参数和红外光谱随化学成分的改变而产生复杂的变化。不仅晶胞参数b和M而且频率ν_(670cm)-1和M之间存在很好的线性相关关系,通过用最小二乘法所拟合的相关方程可容易地测定斜方辉石的成分,但是α和c与M之间只有较差的线性关系,而ν_(450cm)-1和M以及ν_(380cm)-1和M之间并无简单的线性相关关系,这可归因于Fe~(2+)在M_1和M_2位置的有序分布。 相似文献
106.
Hsueh-Yu Lu 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(6):1029-1041
A new method has been developed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity in unconsolidated aquifers. The method uses bulk geochemical
compositions correlated with hydraulic conductivities measured by pumping tests. The concept is based on a general rule that
hydraulic conductivity is principally controlled by grain-size distribution and particle shape,both of which relate to mineralogical
composition. Using a MINLITH algorithm, normative mineralogical compositions can be derived from bulk geochemical compositions
economically and expediently, and then correlated to the hydraulic conductivity determined by pumping tests in the field.
In this study, 202 sediment samples from nine unconsolidated aquifers were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. Although hydraulic
conductivity does not show a definite relationship with geochemical compositions, it does demonstrate a linear logarithmic
equation to the content of normative earthy minerals. However, linear regressed equations should not be applied to aquifers
composed of medium to coarse sand and gravel sizes due to interference from lithic fragments. In addition, this equation tends
to overestimate hydraulic conductivity possibly because the effect of compaction is ignored in this study. 相似文献
107.
108.
Technical difficulties associated with excavation works in tectonized geological settings are frequent. They comprise instantaneous
and/or delayed convergence, sudden collapse of gallery roof and/or walls, outpouring of fault-filling materials and water
inflows. These phenomena have a negative impact on construction sites and their safety. In order to optimize project success,
preliminary studies on the reliability of rock material found on site are needed. This implies in situ investigations (surface
mapping, prospective drilling, waterflow survey, etc.) as well as laboratory investigations on rock samples (permeability
determination, moisture and water content, mineralogy, petrography, geochemistry, mechanical deformation tests, etc.). A set
of multiple parameters are then recorded which permit better insight on site conditions and probable behavior during excavation.
Because rock formations are by nature heterogeneous, many uncertainties remain when extrapolating large-scale behavior of
the rock mass from analyses of samples order of magnitudes smaller. Indirect large-scale field investigations (e.g. geophysical
prospecting) could help to better constrain the relationships between lithologies at depth. At a much smaller scale, indirect
analytical methods are becoming more widely used for material investigations. We discuss in this paper X-ray computed tomography
(XRCT) and neutron tomography (NT), showing promising results for 3D petrographical investigations of the internal structure
of opaque materials. Both techniques record contrasts inside a sample, which can be interpreted and quantified in terms of
heterogeneity. This approach has the advantage of combining genetic parameters (physico-chemical rock composition) with geometric
parameters resulting from alteration or deformation processes (texture and structure). A critical analysis of such 3D analyses
together with the results of mechanical tests could improve predictions of short- and long-term behavior of a rock unit. Indirect
methods have the advantage of being non-destructive. However, as it is the case with large-scale geophysical surveying, XRCT
and NT are affected by several error factors inherent to the interaction of a radiation modality (X-ray or neutron beam) with
the atomic structure of the investigated materials. Recorded signals are therefore in particular cases not artifact-free and
need to be corrected in a subsequent stage of data processing. 相似文献
109.
We report on the use of X-ray diffractometry under controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity (RH-XRD) for
the investigation of NaCl deliquescence in the pore space of glass filter frits, which were used as model substrates. The
study confirms that RH-XRD is an appropriate experimental technique for the in situ observation of phase transformation in
porous materials. It is used for an investigation of both the deliquescence kinetics and the deliquescence humidity within
pores of different median pore diameter. Several major influences affecting deliquescence rates in the pore space close to
the surface of a porous material are discussed. It appears that quite short-term variation of ambient relative humidity, e.g.,
typical daily fluctuations, might induce damaging deliquescence–crystallization cycles within the pore space of building materials.
In agreement with theoretical considerations it was found that confinement of NaCl crystals in pores with median diameters
in the range 1.4–70 μm does not affect the deliquescence humidity of the salt. 相似文献
110.
A. Foubert D. Van Rooij D. Blamart J.-P. Henriet 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(1):141-158
Three provinces, characterized by the presence of carbonate mounds interpreted as cold-water coral banks have been reported
in Porcupine Seabight, SW of Ireland and were recently subjected to many detailed studies. This contribution discusses the
use of X-ray imagery and physical properties in deciphering palaeoceanographic, sedimentological and biological processes.
Physical property core logging and X-ray imagery are used to identify and describe sedimentation regimes and so their respective
palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatological settings in two mound provinces, respectively the Belgica mound province and the
Magellan mound province. Both provinces show at present time clear differences in the hydrodynamic environment. This study
confirms that also during the past the oceanographic and sedimentological environment of both provinces differ clearly. Impacts
of glacial–interglacial variations and locally derived ice rafting events (IRE), comparable with the North Atlantic Heinrich
events (HE) have been recognized in both provinces. Moreover, the combination of X-ray imagery, magnetic susceptibility, gamma
density and P-wave velocity makes it possible to estimate the coral content and coral distribution in unopened cores localized
on top of carbonate mounds. A comparison between on-mound and off-mound cores in both provinces allowed revealing some mechanisms
of mound evolution and coral growth versus time. 相似文献