An X-Ray Study of Lobe-Dominated Radio-Loud Quasars with XMM-Newton

We report on our results of X-ray spectral analysis for a sample of radio-loud quasars covering a wide range of the radio core-dominance parameter, R, from core-dominated to lobe-dominated objects, using data obtained mostly with the XMM-Newton Observatory. We find that the spectral shape of the underlying power-law continuum is flat even for the lobe-dominated objects (average photon index ～ 1.5), indistinguishable from that of core-dominated quasars. For lobe-dominated objects, contribution of X-rays from the jets is expected to be very small based on previous unification schemes, more than one order of magnitude lower than the observed X-ray luminosities. Assuming that radio-loud quasars follow the same X-ray-UV/optical luminosity relation for the disk-corona emission as found for radio-quiet quasars, we estimate the X-ray flux contributed by the disk-corona component from the optical/UV continuum. We find that neither the luminosity, nor the spectral shape, of the disk-corona X-ray emission can account for the bulk of the observed X-ray properties. Thus in lobe-dominated quasars, either the disk-corona X-ray emission is much enhanced in strength and flatter in spectral shape (photon index～1.5) compared to normal radio-quiet quasars, or their jet X-ray emission is much enhanced compared to their weak radio core-jet emission. If the latter is the case, our result may imply that the jet emission in X-rays is less Doppler beamed than that in the radio. As a demonstrating example, we test this hypothesis by using a specific model in which the X-ray jet has a larger opening angle than the radio jet.     

High Spatial Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of Cas A with Chandra

We present high spatial resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A with the Chandra observations. The X-ray emitting region of this remnant was divided into 38 × 34 pixels of 10″× 10″ each. Spectra of 960 pixels were created and fitted with an absorbed two component non-equilibrium ionization model. From the results of the spectral analysis we obtained maps of absorbing column density, temperatures, ionization ages, and the abundances of Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ca and Fe. The Si, S and possibly Ca abundance maps show obvious jet structures, while Fe does not follow the jet but seems to be distributed perpendicular to it. The abundances of Si, S and Ca show tight correlations between one another over a range of about two dex. This suggests that they are ejecta from explosive Oburning and incomplete Si-buming. Meanwhile, the Ne abundance is well correlated with that of Mg, indicating them to be the ashes of explosive C/Ne burning. The Fe abundance is positively correlated with that of Si when the latter is lower than 3 times the solar value, and is negatively correlated when higher. We suggest that such a two phase correlation is due to the different ways in which Fe was synthesized.     

射电选和X射线选BL Lacertae天体的射电性质

收集了射电选和X射线选BL Lac天体的射电数据(包括核和延展光度), 并计算了它们的核主导系数R.研究显示: 射电选BL Lac(RBLs)天体的总射电光度是X射线选BL Lac(XBLs)天体的2个量级.详细分析得到这种差别主要是来自于核光度的差别因为延展光度差别只有1个量级.研究RBLs和XBLs的核(延展元)光度与核主导系数之间的关系, 发现延展元光度与核主导系数负相关, 而核(总)光度几乎与核主导系数没有相关.     

易坍塌地层双管水平定向钻进工艺研究

水平定向钻进技术已被广泛地用于铺设各种管线,具有施工速度快,对地面破坏小,不会影响已有管线的正常使用等优点。但是,在砂卵石和粉细砂类易坍塌地层中,常规的单钻杆水平定向钻进常会出现导向偏差和钻孔坍塌等事故。在已有技术的基础上,开发出了一套双管水平定向钻进系统,包括双回转动力头钻机、内外钻杆、双管导向节。通过现场应用证明了该双管系统具有导向精度高、调整方向灵敏等优点,能克服易坍塌地层带来的导向精度差和钻孔坍塌等难题。     

膨胀式尾管悬挂器的研究

为了解决常规尾管悬挂器过流面积小、密封性能差的缺点,研究了膨胀式尾管悬挂器。主要对膨胀式尾管悬挂器的工作原理,结构原理,关键技术包括替浆技术、固井技术、膨胀悬挂技术、丢手技术进行了研究;解决了膨胀管悬挂的一系列技术难题;对膨胀管受力进行了有限元分析,并将结果与室内试验进行了对比,两者结果基本一致。通过野外试验进一步证明了膨胀式尾管悬挂器能够提供足够的悬挂力,满足悬挂要求。     

深海管道水平向管-土相互作用大变形连续极限分析

管道被广泛应用于油气产业,其中管-土相互作用机制是管道可控屈曲设计的关键。采用新开发的连续极限分析(SLA)方法对深海管道与软土水平大变形相互作用进行了研究。该方法基于极限分析对变形体进行一系列求解与更新模型,能够考虑模型的极端几何变形和材料的应变软化与率效应。该研究对固定管道竖向位移条件下水平加载这一工况进行了探讨,分析了不同初始埋深的管道在位移过程中所受竖向及水平向反力(V、H)的发展。通过与多组离心机试验数据对比,验证了SLA对管-土水平大变形相互作用研究的有效性和高计算效率。主要成果有:提取了管道在不同位置的V-H屈服包络面以考虑加载路径变化对管道受力行为的影响,发现了管道的等效摩擦系数H/V随水平位移的线性增加规律。该研究以期为深海管道的可控屈曲设计提供参考,并推广SLA法在大变形土结相互作用问题中的应用。     

云南安宁磷矿区水系沉积物磷赋存形态及分布特征

磷污染是水污染的重要组成部分,因其可造成水体富营养化、水质下降,从而引起人们的广泛关注。研究沉积物中不同磷赋存形态及其分布特征有助于了解沉积物中磷的行为特征及迁移能力,从而为水体富营养化防治提供支撑。磷矿的开采、冶炼对矿区内水资源环境可能产生严重影响,本文以安宁磷矿区内河流、水库为研究区域,分析了不同水系沉积物磷元素赋存形态及分布特征,并对其生态风险进行评估。采用X射线荧光光谱法测定研究区水系沉积物总磷(TP)含量,并基于顺序提取及Hupfer改进的磷形态分析方法,将研究区各水系沉积物中磷分为弱吸附态磷(NH₄Cl-P)、可还原态磷(BD-P)、金属氧化物结合态磷(NaOH-P)、钙结合态磷(Ca-P)、残渣态磷(Res-P)等5种形态,采用单因子污染指数法对其进行生态风险评估。结果表明：研究区水系沉积物样品中TP含量范围为567.6～48115.5mg/kg,NH4Cl-P含量范围为0.07～115.2mg/kg,BD-P含量范围为8.84～802.5mg/kg,NaOH-P含量范围为21.3～3129.5mg/kg, Ca-P含量范围为12～45098mg/k...     

湖北武汉典型地区岩溶发育特征分析

本文在分析以往地质资料和完成的武汉市1∶5万岩溶塌陷调查成果的基础上,从武汉市岩溶发育的形态及规模、不同岩溶条带、不同构造条件、不同地层、不同埋深和不同地貌七个方面,分别系统总结了武汉市典型地区岩溶发育的特征。区内岩溶总体中等发育,岩溶形态主要为溶隙、溶孔以及小规模溶洞;在水平方向上存在5个走向NWW—SEE、各自相对独立的碳酸盐岩条带,其中白沙洲条带岩溶最为发育,在垂直方向上浅层溶蚀发育;各地层的岩溶发育强度依次为P2q>T1d>C2h+d>T1-2j;在褶皱核部或转折端、断层带附近、长江一级阶地、山前补给局部地区等地下水交替循环强烈地带和可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带,岩溶发育相对强烈。结论可为武汉市岩溶塌陷地质灾害防治提供地质基础支撑。     

X荧光光谱分析技术在测定安徽月山矿床铁铜矿石中Fe、Cu的应用研究

为建立符合安徽月山矿区的X荧光光谱(XRF)分析方法,针对矿区铁矿、铜矿的特点,用铁、铜矿石的国家标准物质制作系列校准样片,通过粉末压片和玻璃熔融两种制样方法,波长色散X荧光光谱法测定主矿体样品中的Fe、Cu等主量元素,并将测定结果与传统化学方法分析结果进行比较。结果显示,熔片法-XRF的测定结果与化学容量法测定结果一致,试样在850℃灼烧,按40∶1大稀释比熔融制样,解决了样品在高温熔融过程中对铂黄坩埚的腐蚀,适用于月山矿区铁铜矿样品中Fe、Cu的测定。粉末压片法不能克服矿物效应和粒度效应的影响,测定结果与化学容量法结果比对偏差较大,不适用于月山地区铁铜矿中Fe、Cu的测定。     

袖阀管注浆在人工填土暗挖施工中的应用

阜石路分洪暗涵某暗挖段,浅涵暗挖洞身大部位于人工填土内,部分区域洞底人工填土厚度仍达2m。人工填土松散,自稳能力差,易发生塌落现象,不易成洞,施工难度大。为避免暗挖施工期间人工填土产生安全隐患并减少后期隧道变形,采用了袖阀管注浆技术对填土地层进行注浆加固,以确保工程施工安全及隧道工程质量&根据工程实施效果可见,袖阀管注浆加固对在人工填土中进行暗挖隧道开挖的沉降、变形控制的效果较好。