GPS基准站运行和GPS接收机校准数据管理

鉴于连续GPS固定站的广泛用途，为方便对多个固定站进行统一管理、维护及数据的统一处理．设计和编写了一套用于GPS基准站的自动控制软件。该软件分为基准站部分和中央控制站部分，适合多个连续GPS基准站及中央控制站的自动数据观测、记录、通讯、管理、以及运行状态远程监测和控制等。该套软件通过中央控制站能够远程管理和监控多台连续GPS固定站的运行状态，实现对观测时段、数据采样率、高度角、气象数据等参数的设置；按指定的观测时段及数据格式自动将观测数据打包并上传到中央控制站，以便进行统一处理。另一方面，基准站的数据可以及时上传存放在指定服务器中．让授权用户可以通过网络下载，以满足各种测量应用的需要。通过在同济大学基准站近一年时间的稳健运行，证明该软件切实可行，并且具备继续拓展的空间。此外．由于同济大学GPS基准站还承担着校准实验室中GPS校准的任务，结合GPS数据的特点，对GPS接收机校准的数据管理也进行了探索。     

A new technology for the measurement of the sea level and the sea state

A considerable proportion of the world population lives and works on or near coasts. Therefore, knowledge of the physical processes which affect the coast is very important. These include the tides of the sea and the oceanic and meteorological circulation patterns that cause variations of the sea level and generate waves. The sea level is measured by tide-gauges, while the height of waves may be determined by a variety of special devices. Radar systems have been applied for the sea level and wave measurements since the late 1990s. This paper presents results from a field test or such a radar application and aims to give the reader help and support in the selection of an appropriate radar-gauge system to measure sea level and sea state. The underlying physical principles of radar and its application in distance measurements are not subjects of this paper.     

广域差分的全矢量法

针对广域差分改正矢量的组成元素集之一的电离层模型参数集,分别用Klobuchar模型和Georgiadou模型进行了分析和比较,详细推演了广域差分改正矢量估计的全矢量法.在统一的数学模型中给出了统一解算卫星星历误差、卫星钟差和广域差分基准站时钟误差的计算公式;对理想状态下的模型参数、基准站和跟踪的卫星的数量关系进行了探讨.     

首都圈数字遥测地震台网单台震级偏差研究

使用河北省数字遥测地震台网中心产出的观测报告,选取2002年1月～2003年7月的所有地震事件,将首都圈范围内的各台站记录到的数据检索整理,对样本数接近和超过100个的58个台站的数据进行了归类统计,计算了各台站单台震级与台网平均震级的偏差、平均偏差和标准离差,分析了产生震级偏差的原因,给出了台基校正值,校正后的震级偏差在±0.2之内的样本数达到了70%。结果显示,在震中距0～40km内,量规函数偏小。震级偏差主要来自于各台站的综合影响,进行台基校正是有意义的。     

2008年5月12日汶川M_S8.0地震甘肃强震记录与初步分析

2008年5月12日四川汶川发生MS8.0地震,甘肃省甘东南地区也成为地震的受灾区."十五"期间在甘东南地区共架设了20个固定强震台站,大多数台站都记录到了这次地震,其中最大加速度峰值为184.9 cm/s2.本文展示了全省20个台站所记录的共60道强震记录信息,并初步分析了加速度的衰减规律.     

辽宁地区中小地震辐射能量的单台测定

辐射能量是独立于地震矩的一个重要的震源参数,在地震危险性和地震危害的评估工作中具有重要的实际意义。目前国际上常用的地震辐射能量的测定是利用Boatwright and Choy和Choy and Boatwright的方法,测定的均是Ms≥5.5以上地震的辐射能量。考虑到辽宁地震台网分布不均匀的情况,本文尝试利用单台宽频带波形资料进行中小地震辐射能量的测定。选用营口台记录的岫岩地震序列的宽频带波形资料,分析地震波形横向分量上的SH波及其后续震相,对每个地震去除场地效应和几何扩散效应,并进行辐射花样因子和非弹性衰减校正。衰减因子Q值的确定是通过与震源参数fc、Ω0的联合反演得到的。最后分析了地震辐射能量与震级ML的关系,总体上,地震辐射能量与震级呈正比。     

江西某核电站选址地质灾害研究及防治对策

本文通过对江西某核电站选址及附近详细的地质灾害调查,结合拟选场地的地质环境条件分析,对地质灾害发育特征进行了仔细的研究,并进行了地质灾害预测;重点是覆盖岩溶区地面塌陷的易发性研究,根据岩溶地面塌陷产生的地质条件和诱发影响因素,采用了定性-半定量判别法评价岩溶地面塌陷的易发性;并针对核电站工程建设布局提出了相应的防治对策建议;为工程建设选址提供地质科学依据。     

从地震目录的变化论"十五"数字测震台网拾震能力

本文对2005、2006、2007、2008四年,每年前10个月《辽宁省地震月报目录》进行分类统计,依据辽宁数字遥测台网“九五”与“十五”《辽宁省地震月报目录》的变化,分析辽宁数字台网的拾震能力。     

大型地下厂房区域水害防治对策研究

位于四川省凉山州的锦屏二级水电站是雅砻江上水头最高、装机规模最大的水电站。作为整个工程的核心构成部分的尾部地下发电厂房位于雅砻江右岸“V”型河谷岸坡山体内,地下水渗流场相对复杂。为确保地下厂房开挖施工方便和洞室群稳定,基于“先阻后排、以排为主、高水自流、低水抽排、外不入内、安全可靠、留有余地”的新设计理念,提出了一个完整的锦屏二级水电站厂区防渗排水的水害防治方案。综合渗控条件下的厂区三维渗流场计算结果,并考虑了一定的安全储备,确定了厂区防渗排水系统的参数。洞室群开挖实践表明目前采用的设计方案是安全可靠的。     

Calibration of local magnitude scale for Hindukush continental subduction zone

Hindukush is an active subduction zone where at least one earthquake occurs on daily basis. For seismic hazard studies, it is important to develop a local magnitude scale using the data of local seismic network. We have computed local magnitude scale for Hindukush earthquakes using data from local network belonging to Center for Earthquake Studies (CES) for a period of three years, i.e. 2015–2017. A total of 26,365 seismic records pertaining to 2,683 earthquakes with magnitude 2.0 and greater, was used with hypocentral distance less than 600 km. Magnitude scale developed by using this data comes to be M_L = logA + 0.929logr + 0.00298r – 1.84. The magnitude determined through formulated relation was compared with that of standard relation for Southern California and relation developed by the same authors for local network for Northern Punjab. It was observed that Hindukush region has high attenuation as compared to that of Southern California and Northern Punjab which implies that Hindukush is tectonically more disturbed as compared to the said regions, hence, seismically more active as well. We have calculated station correction factors for our network. Station correction factors do not show any pattern which probably owes to the geological and tectonic complexity of this structure. Standard deviation and variance of magnitude residuals for CES network determined using Hutton and Boore scale and scale developed in this study were compared, it showed that a variance reduction of 44.1% was achieved. Average of magnitude residuals for different distance ranges was almost zero which showed that our magnitude scale was stable for all distances up to 600 km. Newly developed magnitude scale will help in homogenization of earthquake catalog. It has been observed that b-value of CES catalog decreases when magnitude is calculated by using newly developed magnitude scale.