DLA：一个“经典”地震学问题的现代解

本文通过扩散置限凝聚模型的物理学背景和地震学背景以及ＤＬＡ模型对一些地震现象的定性解释等几个方面，讨论了ＤＬＡ模型的地震学意义，并试图以此为基础，探讨这类普适的动力学生长模型应用于地震预测研究的潜力和困难。     

毛毛山断裂带断层岩的特征及其意义

对毛毛山断裂带断层岩进行了宏观及微观的观察和分析，特别是对断层岩中石英颗粒的形貌特征、溶蚀类型及断层岩的组分进行了研究。结果表明该断裂是一条具有多期活动的全新世活动断裂．滑动性质以粘滑为主，断裂的东段较西段更为明显。     

AN APPROACH ON THE INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND INDUSTRIAL LOCATION IN WEST CHINA

WestCl1ina,includingSl1aallxi,Gansu,Qingl1ai,Sicl1uan,GuizhoualldYunnanprovinces,alol1gwitl1Xil1jial1g,NingXia,WesternlnnerMongolia,Tibetand'Gual1gxiautonon1ousregi0l1s,isintl1ei11teri0roftheEurasiancontinentandfarfromtllesea.ltcoversanareaof6.8lnilli0nsquarekl11,constitutillg69PercentofCl1ina'stotallal1darea.ltl1asapopulati0nofab0ut3OOl11illiol1,acco[lntingfor27Percent0ftllecountry'stotal,about5llllin0ritiesbesidesHansliveincompactc0l11l1lul1itieshereandthePOpulatiol1ofl11inoritiesis7…     

Stress distribution near lake Jocassee,South Carolina

Seven months of seismic monitoring near Jocassee reservoir (impounded 1974) resulted in the detection of four clusters of earthquake activity. Composite fault plane solutions (CFPS) for each cluster indicate strike slip faulting for shallow earthquakes (<1.0 km) on the shores of the reservoir and normal faulting for deeper events (1–3 km) in the middle of the reservoir. The directions of the axes of maximum and minimum compression inferred from the CFPS were found to be NW and NE respectively and contrast with the NE and NW directions obtained by hydrofracture in a shallow well (230 m) at Bad Creek, about 10 km from the epicentral region.     

Discriminant analysis as a possible tool in landslide investigations

As part of an investigation of mass movement on outslopes of contour surface-mines in West Virginia, discriminant analysis was used to determine whether selected spoil properties could statistically distinguish failed and unfailed embankments. The analysis utilized the variables degree of saturation, liquid limit, and shrinkage limit, and the a priori assignment of samples into either actively failing, unfailed, or regraded categories. Results were encouraging, with seventy-four percent of the samples being correctly classified. All misclassifications involved samples from active or regraded landslides, suggesting the method was conservative. Performance of discriminant analysis could probably be improved by modifying the sampling plan.     

胶西北焦家断裂带成矿后断裂活动对焦家式金矿破坏作用及找矿方向探讨

本文以焦家断裂带深部上盘发现金矿体的地质事实为依据，将焦家断裂在成矿后对矿体的破坏作用作为讨论重点，根据现今焦家断裂上、下盘金矿体以断层泥为界，有被错断的明显特征，指出发育在焦家断裂主断裂面中的断层泥为成矿后断裂活动的产物。依据上、下盘金矿在矿石类型、围岩蚀变、矿石矿物、成矿阶段等方面具有极为相似一致特征，提出在117.69~121 Ma成矿期，焦家断裂带中的上、下盘蚀变岩型金矿统一形成于深度3~9 km之间成矿期的焦家断裂带中，二者在成矿时具有时、空上的完全统一性。受焦家断裂总体正断层效应影响，现今焦家断裂深部新发现的上盘金矿（化）体应为下盘金矿（化）体被错断的部分。     

Fault kinematic and Plio-Quaternary paleostress evolution of the Bakırçay Basin,Western Turkey

ABSTRACT

At the end of the Cenozoic, western Turkey was fragmented by intense intra-continental tectonic deformation resulting in the formation of two extensional areas: a transtensional pull-apart basin systems in the northwest, and graben systems in the central and southwest areas. The question of the connection of this Late Cenozoic extensional tectonics to plate kinematics has long been an issue of discussion. This study presents the results of the fault slip data collected in Bak?rçay Basin in the west of Turkey and addresses changes in the direction of extensional stresses over the Plio-Quaternary. Field observations and quantitative analysis show that Bak?rçay Basin is not a simple graben basin that has evolved during a single phase. It started as a graben basin with extensional regime in the Pliocene and was transformed into a pull-apart basin under the influence of transtensional forces during the Quaternary. A chronology of two successive extensional episodes has been established and provides reasoning to constrain the timing and location of subduction-related back-arc tectonics along the Aegean region and collision-related extrusion tectonics in Turkey. The first NW–SE trending extension occurred during the Pliocene extensional phase, characterized by slab rollback and progressive steepening of the northward subduction of the African plate under the Anatolian Plate. Western Turkey has been affected, during the Middle Quaternary, by regional subsidence, and the direction of extension changed to N–S, probably in relation with the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault System. Since the Late Quaternary, NE–SW extension dominates northwest Turkey and results in the formation and development of elongated transtensional basin systems. Counterclockwise rotation of Anatolian block which is bounded to the north by the right-lateral strike-slip North Anatolian Fault System, accompanies to this extensional phase.     

天津市北部尔王庄地区末次盛冰期下切河谷特征

渤海湾西岸尔王庄地区钻孔岩芯、微体古生物、孢粉及¹⁴C测年等资料及联合地质剖面研究结果表明，末次盛冰期全球海平面下降使该地区形成下切河谷，冰后期海平面迅速上升引发的海侵造成古河谷的充填，依次形成河床相、河漫滩―河口湾相和三角洲相，与相邻的滦河扇三角洲下切河谷有差异，该下切河谷受海河水系控制，流向大致与古潮白河一致。其演化过程受海平面变化、构造运动和古气候等因素影响，经历了末次盛冰期深切、15~7 ka BP海侵期间河床相及河漫滩―河口湾相的充填和之后海退形成的三角洲相埋藏等三个阶段。     

中国大陆西部及邻区各地震活动区地震活动关系研究

利用相关函数分析方法对1900年以来缅甸转换构造区、滇西南旋转构造域和兴都库什中深源地震区的7．0级以上地震与中国大陆西部及邻区的其它各地震活动区7．0级以上地震的相互关系进行研究。结果表明：缅甸转换构造区、滇西南旋转构造域和兴都库什中深源地震区的地震活动与其它各地震活动区的地震活动在时间和空间上存在一定的对应关系。这一结果对中国大陆西部及邻区强震的预报有一定的意义。     

Geochemical signature of orogenic hydrothermal activity in an active tectonic intersection zone,Alpine Fault,New Zealand

A highly faulted and fractured rock mass has developed at the intersection of the Alpine and Hope faults, two major active faults in the South Island, New Zealand. The Alpine Fault is an oblique dextral reverse fault at the late Cenozoic-Recent Pacific-Australian plate boundary. The Hope Fault is a strike-slip fault parallel to the plate convergence vector. Hydrothermal fluids driven by the active tectonic processes have passed through the fractured rock mass, causing localised rock alteration and vein formation. Mylonites in the Alpine Fault zone are crosscut by cm-scale veins of quartz and/or ankerite with minor sulphides, with cemented breccias in dilational jogs. Breccia clasts and immediate (cm-scale) host rocks have been variably impregnated with carbonates and quartz. This generation of veins, breccias and altered rocks is post-dated by cataclasite and fault gouge zones which have been cemented by calcite, illite, smectite and chamosite. Ankerite and calcite have ¹⁸O between +10 and +30, and ¹³C between 0 and –8. These minerals are inferred to have formed from water with variable components of both meteoric and crustally exchanged fluid. Rock alteration associated with ankerite–quartz veins has added arsenic (up to 200 ppm As), strontium, and some Y to the rocks. Host-rock mylonites (<2 ppm As) have been depleted in arsenic compared to their precursors (5–15 ppm As). This depletion of arsenic in the middle crust provides the source for arsenic in shallower-level vein systems.Editorial handling: N. White