川滇地区小震群活动与中强地震

本文对川滇地区自有地方台,网建立以来的21年间记录到的239次小震群进行了研究,发现Ms≥6.7级的强震绝大多数都发生在小震群年频度增高的背景上。并引用了归一化熵值K作为衡量震群序列中能量分布均匀度的特征量,分析了不同K值的震群与中强震发生的对应关系,发现K≥0.8的震群发生与Ms≥5.5的中强震发生的对应率为59.3%;虚报率为40.7%;漏报率约占14%。K<0.8的震群发生满足无震条件的约占56%。以上结果表明,用归一化熵值K≥0.8来区别前兆震群与一般震群,结果没有华北地区的那样显著。在川滇地区,要将所对应的强震震级提高到6.5级,结果才比较好。     

云南省潜在震源区综合统计判定之一

本文将云南省地震局多年来积累的关于中强震发生的地质构造、地貌、地球物理场、地形变等特征基础资料,用于Cora-3算法的模式识别,得出云南省潜在震源区的背景指标,结果是比较理想的。“投票”结果表明,80%的学习集D类对象仍被识别为D类,85%的学习集N类对象仍被识别为N类,控制试验的结果也表明识别结果是比较稳定和可靠的。     

Comparison of amplitude decay rates in reflection,refraction, and local earthquake records

Three types of seismic data recorded near Coalinga, California were analyzed to study the behavior of scattered waves: 1) aftershocks of the May 2, 1983 earthquake, recorded on verticalcomponent seismometers deployed by the USGS; 2) regional refraction profiles using large explosive sources recorded on essentially the same arrays above; 3) three common-midpoint (CMP) reflection surveys recorded with vibrator sources over the same area. Records from each data set were bandpassed filtered into 5 Hz wide passbands (over the range of 1–25 Hz), corrected for geometric spreading, and fit with an exponential model of amplitude decay. Decay rates were expressed in terms of inverse codaQ (Q _c ^–1 ).Q _c ^–1 values for earthquake and refraction data are generally comparable and show a slight decrease with increasing frequency. Decay rates for different source types recorded on proximate receivers show similar results, with one notable exception. One set of aftershocks shows an increase ofQ _c ^–1 with frequency.Where the amplitude decay rates of surface and buried sources are similar, the coda decay results are consistent with other studies suggesting the importance of upper crustal scattering in the formation of coda. Differences in the variation ofQ _c ^–1 with frequency can be correlated with differences in geologic structure near the source region, as revealed by CMP-stacked reflection data. A more detailed assessment of effects such as the depth dependence of scattered contributions to the coda and the role of intrinsic attenuation requires precise control of source-receiver field geometry and the study of synthetic seismic data calculated for velocity models developed from CMP reflection data.     

中国水质站网规划中几个问题的探讨

在完成中国水质站网规划工作的基础上,对下列问题作了进一步探讨:(1)水质站网规划单元的划分;(2)聚类分析在水质站网规划中的应用;(3)站网密度与人口和经济发展的关系;(4)中国水质站网的分区特征。     

Ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Su-Lu region, China: Their formation and exhumation

Abstract Based on petrological, structural, geological and geochronological research, the authors summarize the progress of ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic rock study since 1989 by Chinese geoscientists and foreign geoscientists in the Dabie-Su-Lu region. The authors introduce and discuss a two-stage exhumation process for the UHP metamorphic rocks that have various lithologies; eclogite, ultramafics, jadeitic quartzite, gneiss, schist and marble. The metamorphic history of UHP metamorphic rocks is divided into three stages, that is, the pre-eclogite stage, coesite eclogite stage, and retrograde stage. Prior to UHP metamorphism, the ultramafics had a high temperature environment assemblage of mantle and others had blueschist facies assemblages. The granulite facies assemblages, which have recorded a temperature increase event with decompression, have developed locally in the Weihai basaltic rocks. Isotopic ages show a long range from > 700 Ma to 200 Ma. The diversity in protoliths of UHP metamorphic rocks may be related to the variation of isotopic ages older than 400 Ma. The Sm-Nd dating of ~ 220 Ma could reflect the initial exhumation stage after the peak UHP metamorphism in relation to the collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze blocks and subsequent events. Petrological and structural evidence imply a two-stage exhumation process. During the initial exhumation, the UHP metamorphic rocks were sheared and squeezed up in a high P/T regime. In the second exhumation stage the UHP metamorphic rocks were uplifted and eventually exposed with middle crustal rocks.     

Explorations into the formal structure of drainage basins

Every basin of higher than first order is drained by a channel network composed of two subnetworks. Their basins are separated by a drainage divide line, called the basin divider, which is the primary organizing feature of the main basin. Each basin of magnitude n contains n – 1 subnetworks of higher order, and is therefore organized by a set of n – 1 dividers. The dividers and the basin boundary are interconnected in a graph called the divider network of the basin; in graph-theoretic terms this network forms a tree and has the same magnitude and link numbers as the channel network draining the basin. While the subbasins and subnetworks of a drainage basin form a nesting hierarchy, the corresponding dividers do not; indeed, any two dividers share at most one node in common, and whether they do so is independent of whether the corresponding subbasins are nesting or disjoint. However, the dividers of nesting basins are linked by recursive relationships which permit the derivation of a set of algebraic equations; these equations relate the dividers of a basin to other basin components; for example, their combined length is equal to half the length of all first-order basin boundaries minus the length of the main basin boundary. The second part of the paper explores the dependence of the divider length on other basin parameters. The expected length, as predicted by the assumption of topological randomness, is clearly rejected by the data. An alternative approach (regression) is based on the observed magnitudes of the subbasins separated by each divider, and is reasonably successful in estimating divider length. The last section introduces the concept of the standardized basin defined by a boundary length of unity; the estimated lengths of the basin divider and the basin boundary permit an approximate reconstruction of the idealized basin shape and the location of the divider in it.     

渭河平原地下水分布特征与环境同位素研究——以白杨水源地为例

白杨水源地座落在渭河下游重镇——渭南市西北约5km处，为渭河冲积平原的一部分。区内第四纪松散堆积物巨厚，地形平坦，降水充沛，地表水丰富，为地下水储存提供了良好的空间。按含水介质的埋藏条件可划分为潜水、浅层承压水、中层承压水和深层承压水4个含水岩组。为了进一步研究地下水的补给形成机制、储存运移过程、排泄开采条件，本文结合环境同位素（包括14C、13C、3H、D和18O）对水源地地下水年龄、地下水运动速率以及一些水文地质参数进行研究和探讨。而同位素测定表明：水源地潜水为现代水，3H含量较高，河水补给量占1/2     

论黄河上游多民族经济开发区资源开发战略

本文在分析黄河上游多民族经济开发区资源特点的基础上，论证了经济区资源开发模式及开发战略，并就经济蛆内各区域非平衡开发及开发时序提出了一些见解。