Dynamik der Schilfröhrichte am Bodensee unter dem Einfluss von Wasserstandsvariationen

On the basis of different sets of aerial photos the dynamics of the reed bed areas of Lake Constance were investigated in relation to the dynamics of the water levels. The objectives of the study were to quantify the changes of reed areas due to different flood events in the last decades and their recovery in the time periods between these events. The results should given information of the relevance of water level variations on reed bed dynamics and the regeneration times of reed beds after extreme disturbance events.Following the extreme flood at Lake Constance in 1999 the reed belts of Lake Constance lost approximately 30 ha (24%) of the lakeside reed beds. The loss is comparable to the situation in the late 1960s, when approximately 40 ha died back due to the extreme flood in 1965 and the high spring water levels in the subsequent years. In the time period between the extreme floods of 1965 and 1999, the reed areas expanded to nearly 85% of the area before 1965. The expansion rates increased with increasing distance to the flood event of 1965. Especially in periods with series of years of low spring water level the expansion rates were high.The damage degrees of the reed areas in the years 2000 and 2002 showed a clear relation to the elevation (i.e. average water level) of the stands. The damage degree increased with decreasing elevation. Furthermore the regeneration process of severely damaged stands was related to the elevation level of the stands. Whereas stands at high elevation regenerate fast, those at low elevation died off completely in the years after the extreme flood. This supports the hypothesis that the water level flutuations play a major role in the reed dynamics of Lake Constance.As a consequence of the climate change an increase in the frequency of high spring water levels is expected. Thus, it seems unlikely that reed stands will ever expand again to the same area as before 1965.     

大震前井水位长周期波生成机理的实验证据

根据一些学者的岩石力学实验结果证实岩石在大破裂前能够产生一种长周期、小振幅的低频事件,并依此来解释大震前井水位长周期事件的物理机制.研究结果表明,大震前井水位长周期事件反映了震源的内部信息,是大震前断裂失稳扩展前预扩展所产生的一种波,是震源成核过程的反映.     

基于无人机航测的天景山断裂孟家湾地貌精细解译及活动构造定量参数提取

利用无人机摄影测量技术航测天景山断裂孟家湾的地表地形地貌数据,以获取的数字高程模型为基础,通过构造地貌精细解译进一步提取地震断层的水平位移量及垂直位错量,计算断层的平均水平滑动速率,并分析判识了古地震事件。结果表明:①研究区发育3期河流阶地T₃、T₂、T₁,且均被断错,最新的冲沟T₀未见错动;②在T₁阶地面上提取水平位移量为(7.77±0.98)m,计算得到全新世中期以来的平均水平滑动速率为0.86~0.91 mm/a;③在T₁阶地面上跨陡坎提取垂直位错量为(0.61±0.11)m,其坡度存在2个明显拐点,代表2次地表破裂型地震事件,推测在12000 a前,即晚更新世末期或全新世初期以来至少发生过2次地表破裂型地震。     

井中激电测井在金属矿勘探中的应用

通过在陕南平利某工区ZK301孔及东、南、西、北4个方向分别布极,极距约100m,进行激电测井工作所取得的井中物探测井曲线图,结合工区的岩（矿）石电性参数特征进行分析,得出在该井深112～137m及202～215m两阶段均为弱矿化带,主要由黄铁矿化引起,而在井深225～245m及320～330m两阶段均为强矿化带,主要由闪锌矿化引起。由于钻孔的原因未做其他极距的激电测井工作。并对激电测井工作中应注意事项进行了简单的描述。     

东非鲁伍马盆地深水区构造-沉积演化过程及油气地质特征

利用深水区的二维、三维地震资料开展构造-沉积演化研究,鲁伍马盆地二叠纪—早侏罗世为冈瓦纳陆内—陆间裂谷活动期,发育河流—湖泊沉积;中侏罗世—早白垩世为马达加斯加漂移期,位于剪切型大陆边缘,发育海陆过渡相沉积;晚白垩世—渐新世为被动大陆边缘期,深水沉积广泛发育,重力流沉积延伸至戴维隆起带;中新世—第四纪为东非裂谷海域分支活动期,陆坡和凯瑞巴斯地堑发育深水重力流沉积。盆地垂向上形成"断—坳—断"结构,二叠纪—早侏罗世及中新世—现今发育两期明显的裂谷活动。马达加斯加漂移期的海相泥岩为深水区的主力烃源岩,古近纪的陆坡深水浊积砂体为主要储层。东非裂谷海域分支的断层活动沟通了下伏烃源岩,晚期断层不发育的西部陆坡成为主要的油气聚集区。     

综合勘察方法在蒙华铁路石膏矿采空区选线勘察中的应用

以蒙华铁路荆沙段石膏矿采空区勘察为例,介绍了采用遥感解译、调查访问、勘探验证相结合的采空区综合勘察方法。针对铁路穿越采空区选线重点关注的问题,提出了采空区勘察的工作思路,阐述了卫片、航片、多时相分析的采空区遥感解译方法,提出采空区调查访问时应重点关注的问题及如何开展综合分析,并提出应根据区域地质条件、采空区发育特征、勘探方法的适用性、场地条件等,合理选择勘探验证方法。最后,通过实例分析,介绍了金陵、宝安石膏矿采空区的综合勘察,可为类似采空区勘察提供借鉴和参考。     

地震岩石物理学在渤海A油田新近系储层研究中的应用

地震岩石物理学是研究岩石岩性、流体和岩石弹性参数之间关系的学科,在运用地震资料开展储层和油气预测工作中,是测井岩石物理与地震资料进行储层预测和烃类检测的桥梁和纽带。针对叠后波阻抗属性无法识别渤海A油田明下段储层的流体性质问题,利用流体替换、正演模拟技术探索不同流体类型、含水饱和度、孔隙度变化对测井曲线响应及地震振幅响应特征的影响,指导后续的储层研究和烃类检测。地震岩石物理研究思路和方法在渤海同类型的储层预测和烃类检测中具有推广意义。     

Turbidite bed thickness distributions: methods and pitfalls of analysis and modelling

Turbidite bed thickness distributions are often interpreted in terms of power laws, even when there are significant departures from a single straight line on a log–log exceedence probability plot. Alternatively, these distributions have been described by a lognormal mixture model. Statistical methods used to analyse and distinguish the two models (power law and lognormal mixture) are presented here. In addition, the shortcomings of some frequently applied techniques are discussed, using a new data set from the Tarcău Sandstone of the East Carpathians, Romania, and published data from the Marnoso‐Arenacea Formation of Italy. Log–log exceedence plots and least squares fitting by themselves are inappropriate tools for the analysis of bed thickness distributions; they must be accompanied by the assessment of other types of diagrams (cumulative probability, histogram of log‐transformed values, q–q plots) and the use of a measure of goodness‐of‐fit other than R², such as the chi‐square or the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics. When interpreting data that do not follow a single straight line on a log–log exceedence plot, it is important to take into account that ‘segmented’ power laws are not simple mixtures of power law populations with arbitrary parameters. Although a simple model of flow confinement does result in segmented plots at the centre of a basin, the segmented shape of the exceedence curve breaks down as the sampling location moves away from the basin centre. The lognormal mixture model is a sedimentologically intuitive alternative to the power law distribution. The expectation–maximization algorithm can be used to estimate the parameters and thus to model lognormal bed thickness mixtures. Taking into account these observations, the bed thickness data from the Tarcău Sandstone are best described by a lognormal mixture model with two components. Compared with the Marnoso‐Arenacea Formation, in which bed thicknesses of thin beds have a larger variability than thicknesses of the thicker beds, the thinner‐bedded population of the Tarcău Sandstone has a lower variability than the thicker‐bedded population. Such differences might reflect contrasting depositional settings, such as the difference between channel levées and basin plains.     

近20年来胶东半岛南部典型海岸带地区岸线变迁的遥感分析

通过近20年来胶东半岛南部Landsat TM遥感影像及Alos、Spot等高分辨率遥感影像的解译,结合GIS等手段和海岸带调查数据,制作了典型海岸带地区海岸线变化图和海岸带土地利用分类图,并对不同时期典型海岸带地貌的演变进行了分析,阐述了岸线变迁的控制因素及人类活动的影响。     

重磁数据计算机处理技术在莺子山地区地质研究中的应用

对莺子山地区１：１万重磁资料进行了计算机处理,根据处理结果,推断了数条断裂构造,其方向主要为ＮＮＥ向和ＮＷ向,分析了构造重向上的变化,认为深部构造以ＮＮＥ向为主,ＮＷ向构造减少;圈定了莺子山岩体的范围,其面积约为５ｋｍ＾２。根据重磁数据处理与解译,综合前人工作成果,对莺子山地区进行了硫铁矿成矿预测,提出了４个硫铁矿远景区。