华南大陆东部赣闽地区地壳厚度与泊松比研究

通过收集江西省和福建省共58个固定台站记录到的2011-01～2012-12的远震数据,利用接收函数H-κ扫描叠加方法得到台站下方平均地壳厚度和波速比估计,并通过插值得到华南大陆东部赣闽地区整体的地壳厚度变化趋势以及泊松比分布情况。结果表明,研究区地壳厚度约为28～34 km,由内陆向沿海有起伏地逐渐减薄,赣南地区同福建沿海地区地壳厚度较薄,江西东部和福建西北部地壳较厚;泊松比约为0.21～0.28,由内陆向沿海逐渐增加,赣北地区泊松比值最低,低于0.23（波速比低于1.70）,沿海地区泊松比较高,可达0.28（波速比为1.83）。并探讨了造成地壳厚度和泊松比变化的构造因素。     

Towards an automated approach to map flooded areas from Sentinel-2 MSI data and soft integration of water spectral features

In this work we propose an approach for mapping flooded areas from Sentinel-2 MSI (Multispectral Instrument) data based on soft fuzzy integration of evidence scores derived from both band combinations (i.e. Spectral Indices - SIs) and components of the Hue, Saturation and Value (HSV) colour transformation. Evidence scores are integrated with Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operators, which model user’s decision attitude varying smoothly between optimistic and pessimistic approach. Output is a map of global evidence degree showing the plausibility of being flooded for each pixel of the input Sentinel-2 (S2) image. Algorithm set up and validation were carried out with data over three sites in Italy where water surfaces are extracted from stable water bodies (lakes and rivers), natural hazard flooding, and irrigated paddy rice fields. Validation showed more than satisfactory accuracy for the OR-like OWA operators (F-score > 0.90) with performance slightly decreased (F-score < 0.75) over heterogeneous conditions (e.g. rice fields). The algorithm was applied with no changes and/or tuning to independent sites from the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) activations to simulate operational conditions. Over these sites, the proposed approach achieved greater, more consistent and robust mapping accuracy compared to traditional approaches based on the segmentation of single input features. Moreover, OWA operators offer an appealing way of combining and aggregating multiple information in decision making by modelling uncertainty in decision process.     

利用时间序列干涉图叠加法监测江苏盐城地区地面沉降

针对永久散射体技术和短基线集法所需SAR数据较多的问题,采用时间序列干涉图叠加法监测区域地表沉降,提出利用结构函数作为判断因子提取出受大气扰动较小的干涉图用于叠加分析,以确保大气延迟误差对地表沉降监测结果影响的最小化。利用13景ASAR数据,研究了江苏省盐城市在2003-12～2009-05期间的地面沉降趋势。     

三维VSP数据高效偏移成像的超道集方法

当前的三维VSP地震数据偏移成像实现都是在共炮点道集或共检波点道集中逐个道集循环进行的,计算效率相对较低.根据三维VSP观测系统中炮点和检波点布置的特殊性和地震波场满足线性叠加的特性,本文提出了一种三维VSP数据的高效偏移成像方法,即首先通过对三维VSP共接收点道集进行地震数据的广义合成得到一种超道集,然后在共接收点道集的波场深度外推过程中逐步应用多震源波场对超道集进行偏移成像,即利用一次波场深度外推循环完成对所有共检波点道集数据的偏移成像.通过三维VSP模型数据与实际地震数据的偏移成像试验验证了这种高效的超道集偏移成像方法可取得与常规共检波点道集相当的偏移成像效果,还具有极高的计算效率,其计算量与单个共检波点道集的偏移成像计算量相当.     

扬子地台西缘江浪变质核杂岩结构及对成矿的控制

扬子地台西缘江浪变质核杂岩体的基本结构,划分为堆垛层、褶叠层及板岩带等三个构造地层系统,其间为构造滑脱面所分割,在该类变质核杂岩体中发育有一个中间流变层。本文建立了堆垛层的新概念,认为它是造山带中深部地壳常见的基本构造型式。同时,阐述了该变质核杂岩体中铜矿的构造空间配置及构造过程对成矿作用的控制,建立了该杂岩体内铜矿的成穹-成矿模式,认为川西雅碧江流域地区有较好的找矿远景。     

Back‐projection stacking of P‐ and S‐waves to determine location and focal mechanism of microseismic events recorded by a surface array

We present an automatic method of processing microseismic data acquired at the surface by a star‐like array. The back‐projection approach allows successive determination of the hypocenter position of each event and of its focal mechanisms. One‐component vertical geophone groups and three‐component accelerometers are employed to monitor both P‐ and S‐waves. Hypocenter coordinates are determined in a grid by back‐projection stacking of the short‐time‐average‐to‐long‐time‐average ratio of absolute amplitudes at vertical components and polarization norm derived from horizontal components of the P‐ and S‐waves, respectively. To make the location process more efficient, calculation is started with a coarse grid and zoomed to the optimum hypocenter using an oct‐tree algorithm. The focal mechanism is then determined by stacking the vertical component seismograms corrected for the theoretical P‐wave polarity of the focal mechanism. The mechanism is resolved in the coordinate space of strike, dip, and rake angles. The method is tested on 34 selected events of a dataset of hydraulic fracture monitoring of a shale gas play in North America. It was found that, by including S‐waves, the vertical accuracy of locations improved by a factor of two and is equal to approximately the horizontal location error. A twofold enhancement of horizontal location accuracy is achieved if a denser array of geophone groups is used instead of the sparse array of three‐component seismometers. The determined focal mechanisms are similar to those obtained by other methods applied to the same dataset.     

基于时序SAR影像的城市地面沉降速率获取研究

利用天津地区的2003年10月至2006年2月14幅ENVISAT/ASAR影像进行二轨差分干涉测量实验,选取相干性好、高程模糊度较大的9幅干涉图以叠加方法进行了时间序列分析,获取了地表年沉降速率,得出的地面沉降趋势与实地水准测量结果较为一致,两者较差绝对值小于6 mm,较差的标准偏差为±3.0 mm.     

MICROMINE软件在和龙市泉水洞铁矿储量估算中的应用

MICROMINE软件包括8个模块。其中有一个储量估算模块,利用这个模块中的距离幂次反比加权法,对龙市泉水洞铁矿进行储量估算。使用MICROMINE软件对40条具有工业意义的矿体进行圈定与资源储量估算,估算出矿石量14 404 kt,矿床平均品位21.77%。     

Comparative assessment of thematic accuracy of GLC maps for specific applications using existing reference data

Inputs to various applications and models, current global land cover (GLC) maps are based on different data sources and methods. Therefore, comparing GLC maps is challenging. Statistical comparison of GLC maps is further complicated by the lack of a reference dataset that is suitable for validating multiple maps. This study utilizes the existing Globcover-2005 reference dataset to compare thematic accuracies of three GLC maps for the year 2005 (Globcover, LC-CCI and MODIS). We translated and reinterpreted the LCCS (land cover classification system) classifier information of the reference dataset into the different map legends. The three maps were evaluated for a variety of applications, i.e., general circulation models, dynamic global vegetation models, agriculture assessments, carbon estimation and biodiversity assessments, using weighted accuracy assessment. Based on the impact of land cover confusions on the overall weighted accuracy of the GLC maps, we identified map improvement priorities. Overall accuracies were 70.8 ± 1.4%, 71.4 ± 1.3%, and 61.3 ± 1.5% for LC-CCI, MODIS, and Globcover, respectively. Weighted accuracy assessments produced increased overall accuracies (80–93%) since not all class confusion errors are important for specific applications. As a common denominator for all applications, the classes mixed trees, shrubs, grasses, and cropland were identified as improvement priorities. The results demonstrate the necessity of accounting for dissimilarities in the importance of map classification errors for different user application. To determine the fitness of use of GLC maps, accuracy of GLC maps should be assessed per application; there is no single-figure accuracy estimate expressing map fitness for all purposes.