全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3025篇 |
免费 | 589篇 |
国内免费 | 249篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1757篇 |
大气科学 | 118篇 |
地球物理 | 447篇 |
地质学 | 798篇 |
海洋学 | 247篇 |
天文学 | 38篇 |
综合类 | 298篇 |
自然地理 | 160篇 |
出版年
2025年 | 2篇 |
2024年 | 86篇 |
2023年 | 60篇 |
2022年 | 128篇 |
2021年 | 169篇 |
2020年 | 190篇 |
2019年 | 180篇 |
2018年 | 100篇 |
2017年 | 219篇 |
2016年 | 195篇 |
2015年 | 210篇 |
2014年 | 207篇 |
2013年 | 224篇 |
2012年 | 193篇 |
2011年 | 184篇 |
2010年 | 137篇 |
2009年 | 136篇 |
2008年 | 129篇 |
2007年 | 156篇 |
2006年 | 135篇 |
2005年 | 89篇 |
2004年 | 95篇 |
2003年 | 87篇 |
2002年 | 84篇 |
2001年 | 64篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 39篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 46篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3863条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Ultra‐rapid topographic surveying for complex environments: the hand‐held mobile laser scanner (HMLS)
下载免费PDF全文

Terrestrial laser scanning is the current technique of choice for acquiring high resolution topographic data at the site scale (i.e. over tens to hundreds of metres), for accurate volume measurements or process modelling. However, in regions of complex topography with multiple local horizons, restricted lines of sight significantly hinder use of such tripod‐based instruments by requiring multiple setups to achieve full coverage of the area. We demonstrate a novel hand‐held mobile laser scanning technique that offers particular promise for site‐scale topographic surveys of complex environments. To carry out a survey, the hand‐held mobile laser scanner (HMLS) is walked across a site, mapping around the surveyor continuously en route. We assess the accuracy of HMLS data by comparing survey results from an eroding coastal cliff site with those acquired by a state‐of‐the‐art terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and also with the results of a photo‐survey, processed by structure from motion and multi‐view stereo (SfM‐MVS) algorithms. HMLS data are shown to have a root mean square (RMS) difference to the benchmark TLS data of 20 mm, not dissimilar to that of the SfM‐MVS survey (18 mm). The efficiency of the HMLS system in complex terrain is demonstrated by acquiring topographic data covering ~780 m2 of salt‐marsh gullies, with a mean point spacing of 4.4 cm, in approximately six minutes. We estimate that HMLS surveying of gullies is approximately 40 times faster than using a TLS and six times faster than using SfM‐MVS. © 2013 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
12.
介绍高速公路用地的权属调查和地籍测量方法,根据高速公路用地特点,重点讨论了确定高速公路地籍测量精度指标问题,得出高速公路宗地界址点精度统一采用±0.3m比较适宜的结论。最后介绍了RTK技术在高速公路地籍测量的应用情况。 相似文献
13.
14.
A nonlinear coupled soil moisture-vegetation model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the physical analysis that the soil moisture and vegetation depend mainly on the precipitation and evaporation as well as the growth, decay and consumption of vegetation a nonlinear dynamic coupled system of soil moisture-vegetation is established. Using this model, the stabilities of the steady states of vegetation are analyzed. This paper focuses on the research of the vegetation catastrophe point which represents the transition between aridness and wetness to a great extent. It is shown that the catastrophe point of steady states of vegetation depends mainly on the rainfall P and saturation value v0, which is selected to balance the growth and decay of vegetation. In addition, when the consumption of vegetation remains constant, the analytic solution of the vegetation equation is obtained. 相似文献
15.
In tropical forests, the penetration ability of airborne laser scanning (ALS) may be limited because of highly dense vegetation cover. However, in the typical planning of ALS surveys, the ability of laser pulses to penetrate forests is not considered. Nine round-trip flight lines covering the area of a tropical forest on the northeast side of the Tsengwen Reservoir in Taiwan were designed in this study. Five flight lines flew at altitudes of 1.525, 1.830, 2.135, 2.440, and 2.745 km, and the other four had pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) of 100, 150, 200, and 250 kHz. The laser penetration index (LPI) is a quantitative index measuring the penetration ability of the ALS and consists of the ratio of the number of laser pulses reaching the forest floor to the total number of laser pulses. The LPI was used to represent the laser penetration rate and investigate the influence of flying altitude and PRF on the LPI. The results showed that as the flying altitude decreased by 1 km, the average LPI increased by 10%, and as the PRF decreased by 50 kHz, the average LPI increased by 2%. The effect of the LPI on digital elevation models (DEMs) was confirmed by visual images obtained by DEMs at five altitudes. The DEM obtained at an altitude of 2.745 km was coarsely textured, whereas that obtained at an altitude of 1.525 km was finely textured. The in-situ height data obtained from the electronic Global Navigation Satellite System (eGNSS) were compared with the data of the ALS-generated DEMs. The results indicated that when the LPI ≥60%, the height difference between the in situ data and DEM data was not prominent. However, when the LPI <60%, the ALS-derived DEM could be higher or lower than the in-situ height; the largest difference between the two was 1.7 m. The LPI of a forest should be considered for ALS survey planning, especially when consistent DEM precision for large tropical forest areas is paramount. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
The aim of this study is to recognize the basic clastic rock types on the basis of Hounsfield Units (HUs) by using statistical methods (hypothesis tests, distribution fitting, and confidence intervals). How does this recognition depend on depositional history of samples tested? Does the numerical pattern of HUs obtained from small-scale analyzing of some particular sedimentary structures coincide to the textural expectations of those sedimentary structures? Are the HU values provided by the CT measurements capable of evidencing micro-cycles belonging to a particular depositional history?For testing the numerical recognition, we analyze macroscopically homogeneous argillaceous marl, siltstone and fine sandstone samples with similar depositional background, age, and degree of diagenesis. The preliminary research shows that the Hounsfield Units can identify different sedimentary rocks considerably well. There are significant differences among the confidence intervals belonging to the different rock types. However, there also have been some slight overlaps among them.For analyzing the effects of the depositional processes in case of a particular rock type, samples from channel sandstone, distributary mouth-bar, massive (structureless) sandstone from a delta-fed turbidity fan, and channel sandstone with traction carpet origin from a delta-fed turbidity fan (all coming from Pannonian basin filling series) are used. The results prove again the significant differences in the terms of both confidence intervals and distribution-types; however, some overlapping also occurs. 相似文献
19.
Because of the multiple layers of dissimilar materials and large deformations involved in the subsidence of a landfill system, large-scale computer simulation of the geomechanical response to subsidence with the use of conventional numerical methods are problematic. The Material Point (MPM), which was recently developed for dynamic problems such as penetration and perforation, is a newly emerging numerical method. The MPM is modified in this paper to simulate the geomechanical response of a landfill cover system that includes a geomembrane under quasi-static loading conditions. Sample problems, for which an analytical solution is available with certain assumptions, are considered to demonstrate the proposed solution procedure. Future work is discussed based on current research results. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.