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231.
Nutrient fluxes from developed catchments are often a significant factor in the declining water quality and ecological functioning in estuaries. Determining the relative contributions of surface water and groundwater discharge to nutrient‐sensitive estuaries is required because these two pathways may be characterized by different nutrient concentrations and temporal variability, and may thus require different remedial actions. Quantifying the volumetric discharge of groundwater, which may occur via diffuse seepage or springs, remains a significant challenge. In this contribution, the total discharge of freshwater, including groundwater, to two small nutrient‐sensitive estuaries in Prince Edward Island (Canada) is assessed using a unique combination of airborne thermal infrared imaging, direct discharge measurements in streams and shoreline springs, and numerical simulation of groundwater flow. The results of the thermal infrared surveys indicate that groundwater discharge occurs at discrete locations (springs) along the shoreline of both estuaries, which can be attributed to the fractured sandstone bedrock aquifer. The discharge measured at a sub‐set of the springs correlates well with the area of the thermal signal attributed to each discharge location and this information was used to determine the total spring discharge to each estuary. Stream discharge is shown to be the largest volumetric contribution of freshwater to both estuaries (83% for Trout River estuary and 78% for McIntyre Creek estuary); however, groundwater discharge is significant at between 13% and 18% of the total discharge. Comparison of the results from catchment‐scale groundwater flow models and the analysis of spring discharge suggest that diffuse seepage to both estuaries comprises only about 25% of the total groundwater discharge. The methods employed in this research provide a useful framework for determining the relative volumetric contributions of surface water and groundwater to small estuaries and the findings are expected to be relevant to other fractured sandstone coastal catchments in Atlantic Canada. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
232.
Understanding runoff generation processes is important for flood prediction, water management, erosion control, water quality, contaminant transport and the evaluation of impacts of land use change. However, little process research has been carried out in southern Chile. In particular the young volcanic ash soils, which are typical for this area, are not well understood in their hydrologic behaviour. To establish a ‘reference study’ which can then be used for comparison with other (disturbed) sites, this study focuses on the investigation of runoff generation processes in an undisturbed, forested catchment in the Chilean Andes. The paper reports on an investigation of these processes with different tracer methods at different spatial scales. Hydrograph separation with environmental isotopes and geochemical constituents was used on the catchment scale. Thermal energy was used as a tracer to investigate groundwater–surface water interactions at the local stream reach scale and dye tracers were used to study infiltration and percolation characteristics at the plot scale. It was found that pre‐event water dominates the storm hydrograph. In the lower reaches, however, water usually exfiltrates from the stream into the adjacent aquifer. The dye tracer experiments showed that while preferential vertical flow dominates under forest, water infiltrates as a straight horizontal front in the bare volcanic ashes (no vegetation) on the catchment rim. Subsurface flow patterns in the forest differ significantly from summer to winter. All three approaches used in this study suggest an important shift in dominant processes from dry to wet season. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
233.
丹宁棉分离富集—发射光谱法同时测定地质样品中微量铌钽锆铪 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
采用丹宁棉对地质样品溶液中的铌、钽、锆、铪进行分离富集,将写信后的丹宁棉在600℃灼烧30min,灰分用发射光谱法同时测定四元素。检出限与通常的发射光谱法相比降低约2个数量级,经国家级标准物质检验,结果与标准值相符,精密度试验,各元素的RSD(n=20)为2.6%-7.9%。 相似文献
234.
叙述了采用流动注射在线泡塑富集分离、分光光度联用技术快速测定金矿石中微量金的方法.建立了两条工作曲线:其一校正曲线范围为 0.1~1.0 μg/mL,进样频率22 N/h,浓集效率25,检出限2.2×10-8 g/mL;其二校正曲线范围为1.0~9.0 μg/mL,进样频率44 N/h,浓集效率13,检出限1.6×10 -7 g/mL.系统分散系数为3.78,对国家标准管理样GBW(E)-070014平行11次测定,RSD 为1.29%,对所得结果进行t检验,置信度95%时,无系统误差存在. 相似文献
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236.
共炮检距二维弹性波地震剖面的偏移方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在均匀各向同性介质的分界面上入射纵波时,除产生纵波反射P-P波外,还会产生转换横波的反射P-SV波。同样,当入射波为SV横波时,在分界面上会同时产生SV-SV反射波和SV-P反射转换波,对这种二维弹性波地震记录如何进行偏移是正在探讨的问题。为了能够处理实际地震数据,本文提出在共炮检距剖面上进行二维弹性波记录的偏移方法。具体做法是,首先用弹性波方程将两分量的地震记录分解为P-P(或SV-SV)波和P-SV(或SV-P)波,然后用我们已导出的适合于处理共炮检距剖面的叠前偏移方法对它们进行处理。用模拟数据进行的试验说明方法正确,效果良好。 相似文献
237.
依据国外贵金属最新水热实验研究和溶解度计算结果,对热液条件下金、银和铂族元素的共生分离机制进行了综述,指出源岩特征、热液性质和活动历史、配合物类型及其热动力学性质、贵金属相对溶解度和沉淀物理化学条件等因素值得予以重视。 相似文献
238.
Techniques for the separation of sediment samples into size fractions are reviewed and the use of repeated decantations to provide samples for mineral magnetic analysis is described. Results from a series of trials are presented and compared with other techniques. 相似文献
239.
240.