Time‐domain response of linear hysteretic systems to deterministic and random excitations

The causal and physically realizable Biot hysteretic model proves to be the simplest linear model able to describe the nearly rate‐independent behaviour of engineering materials. In this paper, the performance of the Biot hysteretic model is analysed and compared with those of the ideal and causal hysteretic models. The Laguerre polynomial approximation (LPA) method, recently proposed for the time‐domain analysis of linear viscoelastic systems, is then summarized and applied to the prediction of the dynamic response of linear hysteretic systems to deterministic and random excitations. The parameters of the LPA model generally need to be computed through numerical integrals; however, when this model is used to approximate the Biot hysteretic model, closed‐form expressions can be found. Effective step‐by‐step procedures are also provided in the paper, which prove to be accurate also for high levels of damping. Finally, the method is applied to the dynamic analysis of a highway embankment excited by deterministic and random ground motions. The results show that in some cases the inaccuracy associated with the use of an equivalent viscous damping model is too large. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

后牛顿近似下旋转椭球体的内外度规

在后牛顿近似下,得到由均匀不可压缩理想流体在刚体自转下形成的扁球体的内外度规．对由后牛顿效应产生的度规分量利用椭球坐标系及级数展开求得解析解．对这一具体问题,在级数展开中仅存若干项,因此结果有可能用于这一度规下粒子运动的研究．     

基于EM和BIC的直方图拟合方法应用于遥感变化检测阈值确定

利用遥感图像进行变化检测时,确定"差异图像"上各变化类型的阈值非常关键.本文引入图像直方图拟合方法来确定变化阈值.首先通过基于变化向量分析方法,得到变化强度图像,然后假设该变化强度图像中的像元值符合混合高斯分布模型,利用期望最大(EM)算法和贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)求出最佳的混合高斯分布模型,拟合此时的图像直方图,最后利用贝叶斯判别准则确定出各变化类型的变化阈值.试验证明,这种方法是一种较为有效的自动确定变化阈值的方法.     

Analysing tension infiltrometer data from sloped surface using two‐dimensional approximation

Tension infiltrometers allow water to infiltrate into the soils at various specified pressure heads. The resulting infiltration rates can then be analysed for soil hydraulic properties by either analytical or inverse numerical methods. Tension infiltrometers however are primarily designed to be deployed on horizontal land surfaces, and their applications have been studied widely using an inverse numerical tool HYDRUS‐2D. However, natural landscapes are often nonhorizontal, and infiltration through tension infiltrometers on sloped surfaces is no longer an axisymmetrical two‐dimensional (2D) process but a fully three‐dimensional (3D) one. In addition, minimal research has examined the effect of simplifying the 3D problem to a 2D one on the hydraulic conductivity estimated using tension infiltrometer data from different land slopes of various soil types. Therefore, in this study, tension infiltrometer data on different slopes have been obtained from a catchment located at National University of Singapore. In addition, tension infiltrometer data of six soil types on different slopes and with different initial water content were simulated using HYDRUS‐3D. Combining field measurements, forward and inverse modelling, the influence of applying a 2D approximation on hydraulic property estimations using tension infiltrometer data was examined. The results show that the estimations for soils with high infiltration rates are more sensitive to application of the 2D approximation. The maximum allowable slopes for employing 2D approximation on clayey and sandy soils are 25° and less than 3°, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum allowable slope decreases with decreasing initial water content. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic wave propagation in laterally inhomogeneous poroelastic media via BIEM

This work addresses in‐plane pressure P and vertically polarized shear SV seismic wave propagation in a finite, laterally inhomogeneous, multilayered poroelastic geological region resting on the homogeneous elastic half‐space. The particular approach followed here is based on a combination of the (i) viscoelastic approximation (isomorphism) to Biot's equations of dynamic poroelasticity and on the (ii) boundary integral equation method (BIEM) using frequency‐dependent fundamental solutions of the governing wave equations. The problem is formulated under plane strain conditions and time‐harmonic motions are assumed. Validation of the viscoelastic isomorphism and verification of the BIEM is done by solution of benchmark examples. These simulation studies reveal that the proposed methodology is able to depict a sensitivity of the seismic signals recovered to the following parameters: (i) poroelastic properties of fluid saturated layers; (ii) lateral geological inhomogeneity; (iii) surface topography and (iv) frequency content and direction of the incident wave. It is concluded that the combination of viscoelastic isomorphism with BIEM software provides an effective numerical tool for evaluating site‐effect phenomena in multilayered, fluid saturated geological regions with complex geometry. The numerical results obtained demonstrate that dynamic poroelasticity interacting with other physical peculiarities of the Earth's surface layers, such as lateral heterogeneity, material properties along the wave path, local geological profile and type of elastic wave, gives rise to complex seismic signals on the free surface at the site of interest. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

叠前弹性反演在苏里格气田的应用

苏里格气田当含气饱和度小于70%时,泊松比变化不明显,用AVO方法进行含气性检测效果不甚理想。基于Fatti近似的弹性波阻抗方法,充分利用了叠前资料进行反演,包含了丰富的岩性及流体信息,但其小角度时的算法不稳定及建立在"湿"岩石背景假设条件下的反演精度不高的缺点也很明显。改进后的Fatti近似公式算法更加稳定且建立了基于真实岩石物理参数的变量关系,提高了反演精度。应用实例表明应用从弹性阻抗反演数据体中获得的λ-μ-ρ参数进行交会,对苏里格气田低含气饱和度的气层检测效果明显,很好地反映了储层信息。     

基于M—C准则的差异面积D—P准则及其应用研究

为了克服基于M-C准则的D-P系列准则缺乏明确物理意义的缺点,提出了基于M-C准则的一个新D—P准则——差异面积D—P准则。差异面积反映的是M-C和D—P两准则在偏平面上投影不重合区域的面积,在同一个偏平面上该面积越小,认为两准则近似程度越高。而差异面积D—P准则是在偏平面上使得与M-C准则差异面积近似最小的D—P准则,因此认为它是对M-C准则最为合理的D—P准则近似。通过分析,推导了D—P准则和M-C准则在偏平面上的差异面积表达式,进而给出了差异面积D—P准则,得到了等效圆的洛德角及值。此外,还得到了差异面积D—P准则相对于外角点外接D—P准则的折减系数,方便了工程府用。最后将蒡异面积D—P准则运用干访埔分析当中。证明了该方法旱可行的．     

陆面模拟中植被辐射传输参数化方案研究

在冠层二流辐射传输模式基础上新发展了一个描述太阳短波辐射在植被中传输的冠层四流辐射传输模式.冠层四流辐射传输模式是在大气辐射传输理论的基础上得到一组描述短波辐射在植被中传输过程的冠层辐射传输基本方程,引进大气中求解辐射传输方程的四流近似解法,并求得冠层四流辐射传输方程的解析解.方程中各项参量能够反映叶子或冠层特殊的几何和光学特征.冠层向上、向下辐射通量取决于冠层散射相函数、叶子在入射光方向投影面积、单个叶子反射率和透射率、叶面积指数以及直射光入射太阳高度角等.四流模式计算叶子水平倾角时对太阳短波辐射的反照率,与二流模式结果比较可以验证模式的理论推导和建模都是正确的:计算结果的比较,表明四流模式在水平叶角分布时计算的冠层反照率与二流模式结果一致,同时直射光从任何太阳高度角入射的冠层反照率结果也一致,从而证明发展的冠层四流辐射传输模式是成功的.模拟试验中将两种模型同时耦合到同一个陆面过程模式中进行比较试验,结果表明,冠层四流辐射传输模式能够得到更精确的植被反照率,从而使得陆面模式计算的地表吸收的净太阳辐射通量更接近于观测值.     

非自治微分系统的周期解

本之应用李亚普诺夫变换和数值逼近的方法,研究了几类非自治非线性微分系统周期解的存在性及唯一性,得到了一些新的结果。     

Scales of Reservoir Heterogeneities and Impact of Seismic Resolution on Geostatistical Integration

Seismic measurements may be used in geostatistical techniques for estimation and simulation of petrophysical properties such as porosity. The good correlation between seismic and rock properties provides a basis for these techniques. Seismic data have a wide spatial coverage not available in log or core data. However, each seismic measurement has a characteristic response function determined by the source-receiver geometry and signal bandwidth. The image response of the seismic measurement gives a filtered version of the true velocity image. Therefore the seismic image cannot reflect exactly the true seismic velocity at all scales of spatial heterogeneities present in the Earth. The seismic response function can be approximated conveniently in the spatial spectral domain using the Born approximation. How the seismic image response affects the estimation of variogram. and spatial scales and its impact on geostatistical results is the focus of this paper. Limitations of view angles and signal bandwidth not only smooth the seismic image, increasing the variogram range, but also can introduce anisotropic spatial structures into the image. The seismic data are enhanced by better characterizing and quantifying these attributes. As an exercise, examples of seismically assisted cokriging and cosimulation of porosity between wells are presented.