长江中下游地震同青藏高原北部地震的相关性

本文对比了1910—1987年发生的长江中下游地震和青藏高原北部地震,发现两者有比较好的对应关系。一般是,青藏高原北部先发生M≥6级地震,而后长江中下游地区发生M≥19/4级地震。对1910年以来的21次地震进行了统计分析,得到复相关系数R=0.74,能够在很高的显著性水平上通过F检验。地震活动在时间、空间、强度上的相关,现代构造运动及应力场等事实表明,长江中下游地震活动可能主要受青藏高原向东的横向推移运动的影响。     

Transmission fluctuations across an array and heterogeneities in the crust and upper mantle

Adopting the spectral approach, we derive the formulation of angular coherence and transverse coherence of transmission fluctuations. Our derivation and results provide new insight on transmission fluctuation analysis. A review of research work on fluctuation analysis using observations at large seismic arrays such as LASA and NORSAR-follows. We point out that the model of a single-layer Gaussian medium cannot explain the angular coherence of NORSAR data and a more general model of a non-Gaussian, multi-scale, vertically inhomogeneous random media is needed. The model of a two-layer power-law medium proposed by Flatté and Wu is among the simplest of such models.     

Sensitivity of launch systems to gravity field

This paper considers the question of how sensitive inertially guided systems are to variations in the gravity field. There are systems which use other kinds of information for guidance, such as terrain. But, they will not be considered here.     

雷州半岛局部地热异常及其形成机制

雷州半岛地热场主要受基底构造格局的控制和地下水活动的影响,隐伏花岗岩体放射性元素生热对盖层地温的贡献不可忽视,第四纪更新世火山喷发活动的岩浆余热已几乎完全散失,岩浆体和围岩温度已趋于平衡。由火山喷发而形成的雷北螺岗岭和雷南石峁岭两个玄武岩台地,为半岛地下水的主要补给区,由于冷水流下渗的地温效应,新生界盖层浅部地温梯度<3℃/100m,呈现地热负异常。在以传导传热为主的区域,地热场特点与华北盆地相似,新生界盖层地温梯度与基底岩面的埋深密切相关。由于地壳深部较均一的热流在地壳表部再分配的结果,若干凸起区盖层地温梯度为4—5℃/100m,呈现地热正异常。某些控制凸起区的边界断裂,当深层热水沿其上涌,造成附加热源,和传导传热相叠加,盖层地温梯度可高达5—8℃/100m,形成更鲜明的地热正异常。     

我国土壤热流场及与深层大地热流场的比较

本文提出岩石圈内的某些过程是气候变迁的重要原因之一。并依据对土壤热流、大地热流、地震和旱涝关系研究所得到的一些现象和结论,利用气象站地温资料计算了土壤热流,初步分析得到如下主要结论:(1)据线性热传导理论设计的热流的计算方法基本上可以满足多年平均土壤热流场计算精度的要求;(2)平均土壤热流场、深层大地热流场、地震带三者之间有很好的对应关系。平均土壤热流高值带一般都有大地热流高值带和地震带与之对应;(3)土壤热流距平场与汛期降水场有相似的分布形势,土壤热流距平的变化与强震也有一定的联系。     

中国东部地洼阶段应力场与锡成矿

中国东部地壳地洼阶段的热塑性变形应力场有利于锡成矿。构造应力场对锡成矿的控制作用,表现为对成矿域的矿液运移势和能量场的控制。推导获得矿液运移势的计算公式:Vi=-(a·K_0/u)·[exp(σ_1-σ_2)]·(σ_1+σ_2),表明地壳构造应力场对成矿域矿液的运移和成矿部位的选择提供了有利的动力学条件。     

The application of cellular automata to the erosion of landforms

Two approaches to modelling surface erosion are described which can be used to explain the development of geomorphological features. The first approach uses non-linear wave theory and shows how surface gradient discontinuities can arise as the erosion of an initially smooth surface proceeds. For isotropic erosion, surface shapes may be predicted by a simple application of the Huyghens wavefront construction and Snell's law at media boundaries. A second approach uses a computational cellular method. The general shapes predicted by the computer simulations are shown to agree with those determined from the wave approach. The application of the cellular method to problems of geomorphological interest are discussed.     

磁偶源频率测深视电阻率曲线的正演计算

磁偶源频率测深法是一种有效的地球物理勘探方法。多年来,人们对这种方法的正演理论和反演解释进行了研究。文中利用快速汉克尔数值滤波算法计算了层状介质上直立磁偶极子的电磁场响应以及频率测深视电阻率的振幅响应,这种计算方法与常用的数值积分算法相比,具有计算速度快、精度高等特点。同时详细地讨论了磁偶源频率测深的特点及视电阻率理论曲线的特征。