Modern diatom, cladocera, chironomid, and chrysophyte cyst assemblages as quantitative indicators for the reconstruction of past environmental conditions in the Alps. II. Nutrients

Surface sediments from 68 small lakes in the Alps and 9 well-dated sediment core samples that cover a gradient of total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of 6 to 520 g TP l^-1 were studied for diatom, chrysophyte cyst, cladocera, and chironomid assemblages. Inference models for mean circulation log₁₀ TP were developed for diatoms, chironomids, and benthic cladocera using weighted-averaging partial least squares. After screening for outliers, the final transfer functions have coefficients of determination (r², as assessed by cross-validation, of 0.79 (diatoms), 0.68 (chironomids), and 0.49 (benthic cladocera). Planktonic cladocera and chrysophytes show very weak relationships to TP and no TP inference models were developed for these biota. Diatoms showed the best relationship with TP, whereas the other biota all have large secondary gradients, suggesting that variables other than TP have a strong influence on their composition and abundance. Comparison with other diatom – TP inference models shows that our model has high predictive power and a low root mean squared error of prediction, as assessed by cross-validation.     

萝北井水位年动态变化研究

详细讨论了萝北井的年动态变化趋势,并分析了其成因机制。结果表明萝北井各年动态变化曲线出现的Ｗ形异常与地下构造活动无关,主要是由于农田用水引起。     

山西静乐井水位高值异常及其与华北地震活动的关系

静乐井是山西省地下水观测网中的一口地震观测井。从１９８３￣１９９６年的１４ａ观测中,水位动态变化出现过３个高值时段,水位的高值虽有降雨渗入的影响,但主要可能是反映区域应力场加强的变化过程,因此３个水位高值时段与华北地区中强地震的活跃时期基本吻合。     

矩形钢筋混凝土水处理池震害预测方法及抗震对策

提出了矩形钢筋混凝土水处理池的一种震害预测方法,并对海口市米铺水厂中的水处理池进行了计算分析,论述了水处理池的对抗对策。     

水震波与地震面波的对比研究及其应用

利用同一地质单元内的水震波与地震面波资料进行对比研究,估算水位对含水层应力庆变的响应“格值”,选取唐山矿井水震波资料,唐山陆河地震台记录的地震面波资料,估算“格值”是９．１８２×１０＾－１０／ｃｍ,即唐山矿井观测含水层垂直应变量为９．１８２×１０＾－１０／ｃｍ时,井水位变化１ｃｍ。     

Non-equilibrium alcohol flooding model for immiscible phase remediation: 1. Equation development

The equations for a compositional model for simulation of a two-phase, three-component system with inter-phase mass transfer are developed. Emphasis is placed on development of inter-phase mass transfer equations for incorporation of rate-limited inter-phase mass transfer. Due to the nature of the three-component systems considered, a single-film model may be inadequate and a two-film model must be utilized. A two-film model accounts for the simultaneous transfer of components in both directions across phase interfaces. The effect of interaction between components on diffusion is considered using a general form of Fick's Law. A Hand Plot representation of ternary phase behavior is chosen since it allows for straightforward calculation of miscibility of bulk phases under conditions of local non-equilibrium. The developed set of equations form the basis for a numerical model to simulate the enhanced removal of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) from porous media using single-component alcohol floods.     

静海台地磁短周期变化异常与其附近地震的关系

近年来的一些研究表明,由于地城前孕震区地下介质的电磁结构的变化,将导致地磁短周期转换函数发生异常变化。本文通过对１９９１年唐山５．２、５．６级地城前后静海台地磁短周期转换函数参数的计算及其结果的分析和研究,提取出了可靠的地震短临前兆信息,确立了将其应用于唐山地区５级以上的震预报的短临异常特征及其指标。     

试论工程场地砂土液化的综合评判——以福-泉高速公路长乐营前三汊港特大桥为例

本文以对营前特大桥桥位区的砂土液化的综合评判为例子,提出砂土液化必须运用定值准则的概念与方法并结合各种宏观液化势判定手段进行综合评判,文中还针对水下孔的水位取值进行了讨论。     

Heat flow in the Basin and Range province and thermal effects of tectonic extension

In regions of tectonic extension, vertical convective transport of heat in the lithosphere is inevitable. The resulting departure of lithosphere temperature and thickness from conduction-model estimates depends upon the mechanical mode of extension and upon how rapidly extension is (and has been) taking place. Present knowledge of these processes is insufficient to provide adequate constraints on thermal models. The high and variable regional heat flow and the intense local heat discharge at volcanic centers in the Basin and Range province of the United States could be accounted for by regional and local variations in extensional strain rate without invoking anomalous conductive heat flow from the asthenosphere. Anomalous surface heat flow typical of the province could be generated by distributed extension at average rates of about 1/2 to 1%/m.y., similar to rates estimated from structural evidence. To account for higher heat flow in subregions like the Battle mountain High, these rates would be increased by a factor of about 3, and locally at active bimodal volcanic centers, by an order of magnitude more.     

Hydrochemical aspects of the negro river,patagonia, argentina

Water samples collected in the Negro River drainage basin (Patagonia, Argentina) during two different field trips—the first in May 1972 and the second in January 1973—were analysed for the major dissolved inorganic constituents. Q-mode factor analyses demonstrate that two factors account for over 98 per cent of the variance in both sample suites. They represent: a) the direct influence of solution of evaporites and associated carbonate rocks in an arid environment-type; b) the influence of the weathering products of metamorphic, igneous rocks, and varied non-calcareous sediments. R-mode factor analyses of the two sets of data suggest that although the main mechanisms controlling water chemistry were essentially the same, the principal sources of dissolved solids differed significantly in each separate occasion. Further, the major mechanisms controlling its water chemistry are within a wide spectrum of the so-called ‘rock dominance’.