“地震预警”法律概念的构成及延展

“地震预警”法律概念是讨论和规范地震预警相关行为的基础,也是地震预警立法首先要明确的问题。目前,国家层面尚未制定专门的地震预警法律法规,地方已经颁布的管理办法中对“地震预警”法律概念的规定也不完全一致。随着地震预警立法进程的不断推进,“地震预警”法律概念的确定和统一愈发重要和迫切。“地震预警”法律概念应涵括其技术属性和社会属性,秉持完整规范、避免歧义的原则,将时间、空间、机理和影响等要素排列组合而成。为深入理解这一概念,本文还讨论了发布主体、预警客体、技术服务、法律责任等地震预警法律规范的基本内容。     

Sedimentary Features of Shallow Ancient River Channels on the Northern Shelf of the South China Sea

Quaternary buried ancient river channels are widespread in the shallow-level sediments of the northern shelf of the South China Sea. The sedimentary sequence mainly of fluvial deposits comprise an important component part of the low-stand system tract and transgressive system tract in the study region. The plannar variation and spatial association of the sedimentary features such as incised valley fillings, deltaic foreset wedges and block slides of shelf-marginal fans reflect the palaeogeographic environment during the fall of the regional sea level in the northern part of the South China Sea. Based on the high-resolution seismic reflection data and gelogical data from boreholes, the present paper makes an integrated interpretation of the Quaternary ancient river channels in the shallow sediments of the study area, studies the sedimentary features of the ancient channels such as their spatial distribution, seismic facies reflection indicators, sedimentary facies and sand -body types, and discusses thei     

坡地农林复合系统的结构类型与效益分析─以长江三峡库区坡地农业为例

本义认为现代术语的农林复合系统来源于生产实践,体现了农业与林业的有机结合、品种生态和经济的有机结合、产品多样化以及管理科学化4个方面相统一的特点。文章在分析三峡库区农林复合系统的类型结构基础上,提出了农林复合系统可以进行层次结构划分的观点。最后,以典型案例研究方法入手,对1种农林结构类型进行效益分析,结果表明,采用植物篱农林复合坡地系统,是现阶段生产力水平下实现坡地生态经济协调发展的有效途径,值得广泛推广。     

磁层-电离层电动耦合的中纬电离层效应

本文通过对1982年磁扰期间琼中、北京两站地磁X分量变化的分析,证实了磁层-电离层电动耦合对中纬电离层电流的影响.分析发现:磁静、磁扰条件下的平均日变化中,两站X分量变化在白天有反向的趋势.这表明它们分处于与动力效应对应的电离层发电机电流圈中心之南北两侧.在磁暴主相期间,X分量变化形态与之明显不同,两站地磁南北分量有同向变化,且变幅相近,甚至有时北京站△X更大.对环电流能量增长指数R小于-25nT/h的21次事件所作的时序叠加分析（以R最负时为零时）进一步证明,这种同向变化是普遍存在的.两站零时之△X大小相近,相关系数高达0.98.该同向变化与R指数突然变负密切相关. 以上对比表明,与发电机电流造成两站X分量反向变化不同,同向变化是磁层源高纬扰动电流向中低纬直接穿透的结果.本文对动力和电动耦合两种过程的不同进行了初步讨论.     

新地球观

One of the most important achivements on science in 20th century is the new recognition on the Earth:the Earth,out of the other planets, exhibits very peculiar features because it has an extremely complex and active periphery part (surfacial layers). This periphery part is an open system sustained by inputting solar energe , which is captured , transfered and stored by life. Through the system , cyclings of matters and energe flow are driven and regulated by life activities. This system is self-equilibrated,self-controlled and far away from astrophysical and thermodynamic equilibria mainly because of life and life activities.
Development of human calture influences increasingly on流Earth's periphery system , at last , the natural biosphere that has existed for 3 billion years on the Earth's surface will inavoidably be replaced by so called "noosphere",which is man一reconstructed,man-controlled and unstable system. Thus the fate of the Earth,to a great extent,will be determined by the direction of human calture evolution.
     

Earthquake hazard of the northern parts of the Bohemian Massif and Western Carpathians

The new procedure of earthquake hazard evaluation developed by Kijko and Sellevoll is tested and applied for the border region of Czechoslovakia and Poland. The new method differs from the conventional approach. It incorporates the uncertainty of earthquake magnitudes, and accepts mixed data containing only large historical events and recent, complete catalogues. Seismic hazard has been calculated for nine regions determined in the border area. In the investigated area, data of historical catalogues are uncertain or, in many cases, the epicentral intensities are unknown. Thus, a number of assumptions have to be adopted in data preparation of catalogues since the year 1200. The calculated values of parameters b in the Gutenberg-Richter frequency-intensity relation as well as the return periods, seem to be reasonable and are generally confirmed by the results obtained from catalogues for the last 80–130 years.     

1786年康定地震形变特征的初步研究

本文对鲜水河断裂带南东段,康定断裂地震的形变带进行了分析。认为,地震形变带主要由发育于地形斜坡上的线性坡中槽或垄岗组成。形变带具分段特点,单条长850—1500米,呈右阶“斜列式”展布,中段(极震区)一带为现状型。其中的破裂面具正断兼扭动特点。空间特征上,坡中槽一侧的交替上升变化是依次、轮换出现的,它是地震断层运动屈曲作用(Fault buckling)导致地表变形的反映。这种形变现象与该带北西段(炉霍段)走滑型地震的形变带相比有明显的差异,也表明鲜水河断裂带北西、南东两段的地震破裂方式是不尽相同的,它为同一走滑带不同地段运动特征的差异提供了证据。     

FS方法及其在综合多项震兆中的应用

本文提出了一种模式识别方法--FS方法.该方法的特征取为某些论域上的模糊子集.先以每三个原始特征组成子分类器的特征集,“训练”这些分类器,然后对子分类器进行筛选,最后用筛选出的子分类器的“软”分类结果的加权平均作为判别函数,形成总的分类决策.将FS方法应用于综合多项震兆,并进行了一系列控制试验,还与地震学中几种常用的方法进行了对比试验.结果表明,FS方法是稳定和有效的.     

云南大地热流及地热地质问题

本文报道了云南20多个大地热流测试数据。据热流分布特点并参考前人有关资料,结合地球物理测深资料、岩石热物性与放射性生热率测试数据,对各区地壳深度范围的温度、热流配分组成作了粗略分析,划分出各有特征的若干地质-热流区。云南普遍地热偏高(滇东南小范围除外)的主要原因是新构造运动强烈;怒江以西近代岩浆活动亦强烈,具有典型的板块交汇带的基本地热特点