Separation and Precise Measurement of Lithium Isotopes in Three Reference Materials Using Multi Collector‐Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Lithium separation technique for three reference materials has been established together with precise determination of lithium isotope using a Neptune multi collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The solutions of lithium element standard reference materials, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium and iron single element, were used to evaluate analytical methods applied. Three separate stages of ion-exchange chromatography were carried out using organic cation-exchange resin (AG 50W-X8). Lithium was enriched for the three stages using different eluants, which are 2.8 M HCl, 0.15 M HCl and 0.5 M HCl in 30% ethanol, respectively. The columns for the first and second stages are made of polypropylene, and those for the third stage are made of quartz. Total reagent volume for the entire chemical process was 35 mL for three reference materials. The recovery yielded for the three stages is 98.9–101.2% with an average of 100.0%, 97.6–101.9% with an average of 99.9%, and 99.8–103.3% with an average of 100.6%, respectively. The precision of this technique is conservatively estimated to be ±0.72–1.04‰ (2σ population), which is similar to the precision obtained by different authors in different laboratories with MC-ICP-MS. The δ7Li values (7Li/6Li relative to the IRMM-016 standard) determined for andesite (AGV-2) and basalt (BHVO-2) are 5.68‰ (n=18), 4.33‰ (n=18), respectively. The δ7Li value (7Li/6Li relative to the L-SVEC standard) determined for IRMM-016 is –0.01‰ (n=15). All these analytical results are in good agreement with those previously reported. In addition, the results for the same kinds of samples analyzed at the MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, are consistent with those obtained at the Plasma Laboratory, University of Maryland, within analytical uncertainty. According to these experiment results, it is concluded that this proposed procedure is a suitable method for determining the lithium isotopic composition of natural samples.     

比表面积氮气吸附法在蒙脱石碱性溶蚀表征中的应用

蒙脱石矿物颗粒粒径小、比表面积大、水敏性强,易堵塞储层孔隙和喉道,是影响油田储层质量的主要黏土矿物,碱性条件下蒙脱石的溶蚀特征是油田开发中普遍关注的问题。对于蒙脱石溶蚀特征的表征,前人常用的方法有反应前后质量对比法、X射线衍射法、溶液离子浓度分析法及pH值分析法,质量对比法操作复杂,X射线衍射图谱计算人为误差大,溶液离子浓度法对难熔元素的检测误差大,pH值法受温度变化的影响。本文应用比表面积氮气吸附法测量蒙脱石在不同氢氧化钠浓度条件下的比表面积、孔容、孔径变化及吸附脱附曲线来表征其碱性溶蚀特征,优选出适合油田开发的氢氧化钠溶液浓度及充注时间(反应时间)等实验条件,确定了最佳溶蚀浓度为0.05 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,最佳反应时间为3 h。实验表明,比表面积氮气吸附法测得的比表面积、孔容、孔径及吸附脱附曲线表征的蒙脱石溶蚀特征,与反应后溶液pH值及离子(如Si4+)浓度变化所得的结论相同,验证了该方法的正确性,且具有直观、准确、可靠的特点,可应用于比表面积较大的多孔矿物溶蚀研究。     

考虑地下水、注浆及衬砌影响的深埋隧洞弹塑性解

对于深埋隧洞,地下水-围岩-注浆圈-衬砌共同形成了一个水压平衡体系,传统的隧洞应力与塑性区计算方法均未同时考虑上述4个因素的共同作用。以深埋隧洞为研究对象,将围岩、注浆圈、衬砌视为均质各向同性连续弹塑性介质,基于地下水动力学、弹塑性力学及摩尔-库仑屈服准则,推导了4个因素共同作用下深埋隧洞轴对称问题的应力弹塑性解与塑性区计算公式;利用Matlab编制程序对某隧洞工程进行了计算,并与传统计算方法进行了对比,验证了公式的正确性,指出了传统计算方法的缺陷;讨论了注浆参数对塑性区的影响规律,提出了最优注浆圈厚度的确定方法。     

1220铀矿田同位素地球化学和矿床成因研究

1220铀矿田分布于中生代后地台构造-岩浆活化带中1220破火山口周围。成矿过程中有三期热液活动和两期矿化作用。第一期是碱交代型矿他,第二期是萤石-水云母型矿化。将沥青铀矿的~(238)U/~(204)Pb—~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb等时年龄作为成矿年龄,它略低于火山活动年龄。通过氧、碳、硫、铅和锶同位素研究,对成矿溶液来源及演化、成矿过程和成矿物质来源等问题进行了探讨,得出了成矿溶液由岩浆水和大气降水混合组成,成矿物质主要来源于火山岩浆的结论。     

Li,K／Cl,SO4—H2O体系相平衡的热力学

介绍了根据自己研究测定的Li,K/Cl,SO4-H2O体系25℃的渗透系数等热力学性质获得的Pitzer混合参数，并用自己能量小化方法计算25℃Li,K/Cl,SO4-H2O体系的相图，结合测定得到的该体系50℃75℃的相图和复盐LiSO4转变温度的研究，整个体系相平衡和热力学的研究结果可用于盐湖卤水锂盐的分离提取。     

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床成矿物质来源的初步探讨

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床成矿物质具有多源性。资料显示，主成矿元素金一部分来自矿区容矿地层，另一部分来自下伏地层，矿质S和C主要来自深部，特别是下伏火山岩；Pb来自于造山带。成矿溶液主要来自以大气降水为补给的地下（卤）水。     

Transformation of magnetite to hematite and its influence on the dissolution of iron oxide minerals

Deformed rocks of the Itabira Iron Formation (itabirites) in Brazil show microstructural evidence of pressure solution of quartz and iron oxides; it appears that magnetite was dissolved and hematite precipitated. The dissolution of magnetite seems to be related to its transformation to hematite by oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺. The transformation of magnetite to hematite occurs along {111} planes, and results in the development of hematite domains along {111} that are parallel to the foliation. The difference in volume created by the transformation of magnetite to hematite and the shear stress acting on the interphase boundaries allow fluids to migrate along these planes. The dissolution of magnetite involves the hydrolyzation of the Fe²⁺—O bonds at interphase boundaries of high normal stress. The high fugacity of oxygen in the fluid phase promotes the reaction of Fe²⁺ (in solution) with oxygen. Fe²⁺ ions oxidize to Fe³⁺ and precipitate as hematite platelets with their longest axes oriented parallel to the direction of maximum stretching. The transformation of magnetite to hematite during deformation plays an important role in the fabric evolution of the iron formation rocks. The transformation along {111} creates planes of weakness that facilitate fracturing. The fracturing plus the dissolution result in a reduction of magnetite grain size, and the oriented precipitation results in layers of hematite platelets. These processes produce a new fabric characterized by a penetrative foliation and lineation.     

碱性溶液中坡缕石水解作用动力学实验研究

对安徽官山地区沉积型、热液型坡缕石进行碱性溶液中水解作用的动力学实验研究.结果表明:沉积型坡缕石较热液型更耐碱,且两种坡缕石均存在明显的差异溶解现象,即四面体硅的溶解速率要略大于八面体铝阳离子的溶解速率.碱溶液中沉积型、热液型坡缕石水解动力学均适宜采用圆柱体扩散控制模型模拟,其浸出率x对反应时间t的关系可表示为(1-x)+xlnx=kt.在实验条件下沉积型坡缕石水解过程中,Al3+和Si4+反应表观活化能分别为18.16 kJ/mol和18.53 kJ/mol.热液型坡缕石水解过程中,Al3+和Si4+反应表观活化能分别为31.2 kJ/mol和32.95 kJ/mol.     

岩浆(型)碳酸岩研究进展

主要从岩石学，矿物学，岩石分类，C，O，Sr同位素，碳酸岩与矿化的关系等各方面对（碱性）碳酸岩的研究进行了较为全面的总结，并结合近20年来实验岩石等，流体包裹体研究，CO2^- H2O－NaCl流体体系的性质的研究，对碳酸岩岩浆的来源及成因，岩浆－热液的演化进行了分析和探讨，碳酸岩形成至少经历了三个阶段，即岩浆阶段，岩浆期后阶段（气相碳酸岩／岩浆热液阶段），交代碳酸岩阶段，而作为与碳酸岩在空间和成因上有密切联系的基性，超基性岩，碱性岩杂岩体，则经历了碳酸岩成岩阶段以前的岩浆不混熔作用，结晶分异作用，岩浆结晶作用以及碳酸岩形成之后的围岩蚀变（霓长岩化）作用。     

回灌与回扬物理过程的解析推导及灌压变化规律

以回灌过程中渗透系数衰减模型为基础,推导了不同回扬次数的渗透系数解析表达式;将其应用于Theis公式,获得了考虑渗透系数衰减以及暂时性堵塞率条件下回灌与回扬物理过程中含水层压强的解析表达式,更准确地刻画了回灌与回扬的物理机制。计算结果表明：在连续回灌不回扬过程中,井内灌压增长符合指数曲线特征,而采取回扬措施后,由指数连续上升转变为间断式阶梯上升;回扬次数越多,灌压下降越明显,但灌压变化幅度随回扬次数的递增而减小。根据解析解定义的两种堵塞率的结果,可以实现利用实验判断不同成分回灌水源对含水层堵塞机理的分析,从而达到科学制定回灌水源标准的目的。