Relationships among water column toxins,cell abundance and chlorophyll concentrations during Karenia brevis blooms

The assumptions that Karenia brevis cell abundance and brevetoxin concentrations are proportional and that cell abundance and chlorophyll are related were tested in a 3-year field study off the west coast of Florida. The relationship between K. brevis cell abundance and brevetoxins (PbTx-2+PbTx-3) in whole water samples was strong (R²=0.92). There was no significant difference between the brevetoxin concentrations in whole water and the >0.7 μm particulate fraction. Only 7% of the total brevetoxin concentration was measured in the <0.7 μm (cell free) filtrate. The relationship of K. brevis cell abundance >5000 cells L⁻¹ with chlorophyll for all cruises and at all depths was robust (R²=0.78). These data substantiate the use of chlorophyll as a proxy for K. brevis cell abundance and K. brevis cell abundance as a proxy for brevetoxins during blooms. The ratios of the brevetoxins, PbTx-2:PbTx-3, was significantly higher in surface water than in bottom water. This information in conjunction with K. brevis growth rates may provide a useful indicator for determining the physiological state of the bloom over time.     

空间自相似性与地球物理和地球化学场的分解方法

场的分解是应用勘查地球物理和地球化学数据所必不可少的数理处理工作，这项工作往往是为了分解不同的场来研究和了解不同的地质以及相应的地质过程，比如划分不同岩石类型以及识别和圈定矿化蚀变睡.闰定地质过程所产生的同类型的地质体并不简单地对应于相同的场值和频率，场的分布特征往往还与地质体的几何形态，。埋藏深度以及与其周围地质体的相对差异有关。然而，由于地质过程往往具有多期次和空间相关性等特点，所产生的地质体或者相应的场往往会呈现空间自相似性或统计自相似性。这种自相似性可以帮助分解不同地质过程所产生的同类地质体，文中所介绍的多重分形（multifractal)滤波方法（S－A）根据场的能谱分布的不同空间自相似性形成不规则甚至分形滤波器，并将场分解为不同同的组份，如局部异常和背景场，应用该方法对多处地球化学和地球物理场的处理结果表明，该方法对区分与矿有关的局部异常与背景场是很有效的，对加拿大NOVA SCOTIA省西南部航空放射性铀钍钾（U-Tn-K)数据处理所分解的异常对反映岩体中与铀－钨－锡（U－W－Sn)矿化有关的围岩饰变具有明显的效果。     

2014年新疆于田MS7.3地震矩心矩张量快速测定

We successfully employ an automatic centroid moment tensor(CMT) inversion system to infer the CMT solutions of the February 12,2014 MS7.3 Yutian,Xinjiang earthquake using near-field seismic waveforms(4° < △ < 12°) observed by the virtual China seismic networks,which have been recently set up.The results indicate that this event occurred on a rupture plane(strike 243°,dip 70°,and rake-18°),showing left-lateral strike-slip faulting with a minor normal-faulting component.The centroid in the horizontal direction is located nearly 13 km east of the epicenter(36.123° N,82.499° E),and the best-fitting centroid depth is around 10 km.The total scalar moment,M0,is retrieved with an average value of 3.05 × 1019N·m,corresponding to moment magnitude MW6.92.Most of the energy is released within about 14 s.Moreover,we discuss about the potential application of this system in earthquake disaster decision.     

江西通江岭铜(钨)矿床石榴子石和锆石LA-ICP-MS原位U-Pb定年及其地质意义

长江中下游发育众多斑岩- 矽卡岩型多金属矿床,由于缺乏精确的成矿时代数据,制约了对这些矿床成因和动力学背景的认识。通江岭铜钨矿位于长江中下游Fe- Cu- Au成矿带九瑞矿集区北侧,为近期新发现的斑岩- 矽卡岩型矿床,经济矿物主要为黄铜矿和少量白钨矿,呈细脉状和浸染状产于斑岩与矽卡岩中。本文对赋矿岩体花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石和含矿矽卡岩中石榴子石进行LA- ICP- MS U- Pb同位素精确定年,锆石206Pb/238U的加权年龄为146. 3±0. 9 Ma（2σ,MSWD=1. 13, n=33）,石榴子石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为142. 9±2. 1 Ma（2σ,MSWD=1. 2, n=17）,表明矽卡岩和岩体形成时代相近,成岩成矿作用过程连续。通江岭铜钨矿成岩、成矿时代与九瑞矿集区典型矿床成岩、成矿时代一致,同时也与长江中下游地区铜陵、安庆和部分鄂东南的典型铜多金属矿床成岩、成矿时代基本一致,均属于长江中下游成矿带晚侏罗世—早白垩世多金属成矿作用事件的产物。     

唐山两次中级地震前后地下水位固体潮加卸载响应比的变化

本文将加卸载响应比的理论和方法引入到地下水位潮汐资料计算中来,从岩石的应变与应力的非线性响应分析了井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的物理。     

东亚地区夏季阻塞过程的研究进展

阻塞过程是一种大尺度的大气环流持续性异常现象 ,它一旦出现会造成大范围的天气和气候异常。对阻塞过程的定义多种多样 ,有根据阻塞的气候特征进行定义的 ,也有根据阻塞的天气特征进行定义的 ,研究时根据不同的情况应选择不同的定义。人们用平衡态理论、外源强迫下的共振理论、非线性孤立波理论、斜压性及波流相互作用等理论对阻塞过程进行了研究 ,得到了许多有意义的研究结果。东亚夏季的阻塞过程对中国的天气气候有重要影响 ,东北地区的夏季低温、华北地区的干旱、长江中下游和江淮地区的梅雨和洪涝灾害等都与东亚阻塞过程有关。人们对东亚夏季的阻塞过程形成原因的研究很多 ,发现乌拉尔山阻塞高压崩溃后 ,Rossby波的传播、青藏高原及其附近地区暖湿空气的传输和赤道西太平洋海温异常激发的遥相关波列等对东亚夏季阻塞过程的形成有重要影响     

甘肃小柳沟铜钨多金属矿床地球化学异常特征及找矿标志

阐述了小柳沟铜钨多金属矿床的区域地质和区域地球化学概况，并分析了该区的成矿地质条件及地球化学演化特征。在研究了1：10万分散流普查结果的基础上，采用1：2．5万沟系次生晕普查方法，获得了Cu、Mo、Ag、Pb、Zn等元素综合异常，通过验证表明，Cu、Mo异常的浓集中心与铜钼矿体位置一致。又通过原生晕普查，分析了各元素的岩石地球化学分布特征。同时证实了沟系次生晕与原生晕具有同样的找矿效果。因而，提出相关的地质、地球化学找矿(分散流、沟系次生晕、原生晕)标志。     

Geochemistry,Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes systematics and geochronological constrains on petrogenesis of the Xishan A-type granite and associated W–Sn mineralization in Guangdong Province,South China

The Xishan deposit, located in the western Guangdong Province in South China, is a quartz-vein type W-Sn deposit with an average Sn grade of 0.1–0.4 wt%. The deposit is temporally and spatially associated with Xishan alkali feldspar granite. The W–Sn mineralization is present mainly as veins that are hosted by the granite. In this paper we present new zircon U–Pb age, whole-rock geochemical data, Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic data and Re–Os age in order to constrain the nature and timing of magmatism and mineralization in the Xishan mining district with implications on geodynamic settings. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb analyses yielded an age of 79.14 ± 0.31 Ma for the alkali feldspar granite, consistent with the molybdenite Re–Os age of 79.41 ± 1.11 Ma. The alkali feldspar granite shows high contents of SiO₂ (71.52–76.25 wt%), high total alkalis (Na₂O + K₂O = 9.35–13.51 wt%), high field strength elements (e.g. Zr = 95.4–116 ppm, Y = 97.1–138 ppm, Nb = 36.1–55.5 ppm, Ga = 97.1–138 ppm), and rare earth elements (total REE = 171.8–194.0 ppm) as well as high Ga/Al ratios (10,000 × Ga/Al = 3.23–3.82) suggesting that it has the geochemical characteristics of A-type granite and shows an A₂ subtype affinity. Sr–Nd isotopes of the alkali feldspar granite show that (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i values range from 0.7111 to 0.7183, and the ε_Nd(t) values and Nd model ages (T_2DM) vary from −6.8 to −6.5 and 1414 to 1433 Ma, respectively. The Pb isotopic compositions are variable, with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values ranging from 18.783 to 18.947, 15.709 to 15.722 and 38.969 to 39.244, respectively, indicating that the alkali feldspar granite was derived from a mantle-crust mixed source. In situ Hf isotopic analyses reveal that the alkali feldspar granite has ε_Hf(t) values ranging from −9.69 to −0.04 and two-stage Hf model ages from 1145 Ma to 1755 Ma, indicating that the alkali feldspar granite was formed by the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic crusts of the Cathaysia Block with additions of mantle-derived materials. These results, together with previously presented regional geological relationships, suggest that the formation of the Xishan granite and associated W–Sn mineralization is related to lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling that are attributed to a directional change of Pacific plate motion.     

武夷山地区钨锡铜金银成矿区带找矿评价

武夷山地区是一个有色、贵金属、稀有、稀土矿床的重要找矿远景区。通过对该区地质背景、成矿地质条件、矿床富集规律的分析归纳,指出该区以政和-大埔深大断裂为界,其外带（沿海）中生代火山岩大面积出露,内带则常呈一些孤立的火山断陷盆地分布,矿床与火山-侵入岩浆热液作用有密切的成因联系,中生代不同的火山-次火山活动旋回,对该区成矿作用、成矿系列有重要控制作用。     

广东红岭石英脉型钨矿床地质特征及富集规律

通过对红岭石英脉型钨矿床地质特征的研究,探讨了该钨矿床的矿化富集规律。认为,钨的成矿作用严格受区域SN向构造控制,构成一个地层、构造、岩浆、矿田“四位一体”的SN向成矿带,石英脉型钨矿床具较明显的“五层楼”式形态分带规律。