论直流激发极化法的视电阻率参数

直流激发极化法,计算视电阻率的一次场采集于供电方波的末端时间,从而包含了被激发形成的二次场。在高极化率地质体上,得到的视电阻率将削弱其低阻特性或放大高阻特性。为此,建议在野外工作中,应对所采集的一次场作适当的处理后,再计算视电阻率,以降低这种影响。     

Comparison of flow patterns in the near wake of a circular cylinder and a square cylinder placed near a plane wall

The flow patterns in the near wake of a cylinder (either circular or square in shape, D=25 mm) placed in the proximity of a fully developed turbulent boundary layer (thickness δ=0.4D) are investigated experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The effects of changing the gap height (S) between the cylinder bottom and the wall surface, over the gap ratio range S/D=0.1–1.0, have been investigated. The results show that both the ensemble-averaged and instantaneous flow fields are strongly dependent on S/D. The flow patterns for the two types of cylinders share many similarities with respect to the change in S/D, such as the reduced recirculation length and increased velocity fluctuation in the near wake with increasing S/D, as well as the trend of suppression of vortex shedding at small S/D and onset of vortex shedding at large S/D. However, developments of the shear layers, in terms of wake width, flow curvature, etc., are considerably different for these two types of cylinders. In general, the wake development and momentum exchange for the square cylinder are slower those for the circular cylinder at the same gap ratio. Correspondingly, it is shown that the periodic vortex shedding is delayed and weakened in the case of square cylinder, as compared to that of the circular cylinder at the same S/D.     

A two-dimensional finite volume hydrodynamic model for coastal areas: Model development and validation

A two dimensional implicit finite volume scheme for solving the shallow-water equations is developed. The effects of the Coriolis force, surface wind stress, and waves are included. A non-uniform rectilinear forward staggered grid is used with Cartesian coordinates. The time integration is performed using the Euler implicit technique. The convective flux is treated using the deferred correction method. The viscous terms are discretized using a second order central difference approximation. The SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations) algorithm is used for coupling the velocity components and the water elevation gradient for the water level correction. The system of equations is solved sequentially using the Strongly Implicit Procedure (SIP). To simulate wave driven current, a phase averaged wave model is used first to simulate wave transformation and calculate radiation stresses. The performance of the developed model is validated for different sources of external forces and different combinations of boundary conditions. The validation cases include tidal circulation in a harbor and wave induced currents behind a breakwater parallel to the coastline. The model is finally applied to simulate the flow pattern in a closed artificial lagoon and along the coastline near Damietta Port located along the Northern coast of Egypt. Results of the developed model agree well with the published results for the considered cases.     

亚铁离子对赤潮异弯藻种群消长和部分生化特性的影响

报道了KCl对方斑东风螺(Babylonia aerolato Link)浮游幼虫变态的诱导作用.结果表明,在水体200 mL,幼虫20只,KCl连续作用12 h的条件下,当KCl浓度不超过8×10-3 mol/L且幼虫日龄小于12 d时,诱导变态率为0～15%,诱导效果不稳定;当KCl浓度达到11×10-3 mol/L且幼虫日龄达到15 d时,浮游幼虫变态率超过95%.在水体850 L,幼虫2.0×105～2.5×105只,KCl连续作用9 h的条件下,KCl浓度为17×10-3mol/L,日龄15 d的幼虫变态率达90%.浮游幼虫日龄越大,KCl添加浓度越高,作用时间越长,KCl诱导变态作用越明显.KCl对方斑东风螺幼虫有毒性作用,日龄越小,浓度越大,作用时间越长,毒性越大.日龄12 d的浮游幼虫,KCl添加浓度11×10-3mol/L作用20 h诱导变态的稚螺,未发现其生长和存活受到KCl的不良影响.综合本实验的结果,KCl诱导变态较为安全有效的条件是:浮游幼虫日龄不小于15 d,添加浓度11×10-3～14×10-3 mol/L,作用时间不超过12 h.     

KCl对方斑东风螺浮游幼虫变态的诱导作用

报道了KCl对方斑东风螺(Babylonia aerolatoLink)浮游幼虫变态的诱导作用。结果表明,在水体200 mL,幼虫20只,KCl连续作用12 h的条件下,当KCl浓度不超过8×10-3mol/L且幼虫日龄小于12 d时,诱导变态率为0~15%,诱导效果不稳定;当KCl浓度达到11×10-3mol/L且幼虫日龄达到15 d时,浮游幼虫变态率超过95%。在水体850 L,幼虫2.0×105~2.5×105只,KCl连续作用9 h的条件下,KCl浓度为17×10-3mol/L,日龄15 d的幼虫变态率达90%。浮游幼虫日龄越大,KCl添加浓度越高,作用时间越长,KCl诱导变态作用越明显。KCl对方斑东风螺幼虫有毒性作用,日龄越小,浓度越大,作用时间越长,毒性越大。日龄12 d的浮游幼虫,KCl添加浓度11×10-3mol/L作用20 h诱导变态的稚螺,未发现其生长和存活受到KCl的不良影响。综合本实验的结果,KCl诱导变态较为安全有效的条件是:浮游幼虫日龄不小于15 d,添加浓度11×10-3~14×10-3mol/L,作用时间不超过12 h。     

郑州市南郊地热井勘探

本文简要介绍了郑州市水文地质和地热地质条件 ;分析解释了在郑州市芦邢庄进行地热井定位勘探时取得的激电测深资料 ;确定了具体的地热钻探井位 ,给出了该井成井后的实际水温、水量等参数     

Direct numerical simulation of flow over a slotted cylinder at low Reynolds number

Direct numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the flow past a slotted cylinder at low Reynolds number (Re) of 100. The slotting of cylinder affects the boundary layer separation, vortex formation position, recirculation region length and wake width, which are determined by the type of slit. The streamwise slit (SS1), T-shaped slit (SS3) and Y-shaped slit (SS4) act as passive jets, while the transverse slit (SS2) achieves an alternate self-organized boundary layer suction and blowing. The flow rate in slits fluctuates over time due to the alternate vortex shedding and fluctuating pressure distribution around the cylinder surface. One fluctuation cycle of flow rate is caused by a pair of vortices shedding for SS2, SS3 and SS4, while it is created by each vortex shedding for SS1. The wall shear stress and flow impact on the slit wall partly contribute to the hydrodynamic forces acting on the slotted cylinder. Taking into account the internal wall of slit, the transverse slit plays the best role in suppressing the fluid forces with drag reduction of 1.7% and lift reduction of 17%.     

三峡库首区重点断裂围限区蓄水的加卸载效应

通过对蓄水前后三峡库首区构造应力场进行三维数值模拟发现,相对于蓄水前,蓄水至135 m水位时,官渡口断裂-马鹿池断裂-牛口断裂围限区、秭归地理中心和九湾溪断裂带,出现了4个主应力下降区和共轭的主应力增长区,形成了差应力场;175 m水位与135 m水位相比,局部差应力场呈现逆向变化,即形成了加载效应与卸载效应的交替过程。这一过程,可能是水库诱发地震的诱震(或触震)因素。     

磁场重联中电子加速问题的物理分析和数值研究

观测表明耀斑中电子加速发生在软X射线耀斑环上方的磁重联区域.在重联电流片中被super Dreicer电场直接加速似乎是产生能量在10keV～10MeV之间高能电子的最直接的方式.本文的结果证明纵向电磁场可以有效地将电子“锁”在重联电流片上,使得横向电场得以直接加速电子.对于解释产生相对论性粒子的脉冲式耀斑,这可能是一个有效的机制.     

2004年3月18日高纬磁层顶多重通量管事件分析

2004-03-18 23:10～23:50 UT期间,“双星（Double Star）”探测一号卫星（TC 1）在向阳面磁层顶高纬晨侧由内向外穿越磁层顶,其时TC_1的GSM坐标为 (75RE, -55RE, -54RE), RE为地球半径.穿越过程中TC_1观测到了8个通量管和1个磁通量传输事件（FTEs）.在此期间Cluster星簇位于向阳面太阳风内,其GSM坐标为(180RE, -31RE, -62RE),其4颗卫星监测到行星际磁场（IMF）的BZ分量持续南向,BＹ有较大的负值.本文的研究表明：TC_1观测到的前7个通量管具有准周期重现性,周期大约是1～4 min,明显小于以前所观测到的FTEs的平均周期(8～11 min);所有的通量管都具有较强的核心场.本文分别使用最小方差分析法（MVA）和Grad_Shafranov反演方法（GSR）对通量管的轴向进行了分析和对比,发现所有的通量管主轴基本沿晨昏向,结果显示GSR方法在轴向分析上比MVA优越.本文使用GSR方法对通量管的磁场结构进行了分析,恢复出了通量管的磁场在卫星穿越面的结构图;此外,本文还对这次多重通量管事件进行了deHoffmann Teller(HT)分析,结果表明,所有通量管大致朝南极方向运动,均来源于向日面低纬区域.这说明它们可能起源于向日面低纬区,由该区的磁场分量重联产生.