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971.
布尔莎-沃尔夫转换模型的几何证明   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
理论研究和实际计算中,常要涉及到两个不同空间直角坐标系之间的转换问题,转换模型推导与证明是复杂的,需要扎实的空间解析几何及矩阵方面的知识,让普通人难以理解。实际上,只要我们能够化繁为简,换个思路,用平面几何的简单公式亦能证明。  相似文献   
972.
Mobile-GIS中的数据组织模型研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
mob ile-GIS是GIS的全新发展领域,从应用的角度评述了移动服务中的数据特点和各种数据模型的原理及适用领域。不同的数据模型造成部门间数据难以共享,为此本文提出了一种集成数据模型,能使不同模型相互转化,提高数据共享程度。  相似文献   
973.
IKONOS影像城市植被信息提取前的阴影校正   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在高分辨率卫星影像的预处理上,阴影的提取与校正是一个难题,本文根据实际需要,采取不同的方法对建筑物阴影和山体阴影进行提取,并采用不同的校正方法进行校正。对城区建筑物阴影,采用基于影像融合的IKONOS影像阴影自动提取方法对阴影进行提取,再采用郎伯模型进行校正;对山体阴影,直接采用监督分类的方法对山体阴影进行提取,再采用灰度线性匹配的方法进行校正。实验表明,分开提取与校正的策略能取得较为理想的效果。  相似文献   
974.
基于Delaunay三角网的河流中线提取方法   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
鉴于水系自动综合中河系数据模型建立的复杂性,利用ArcObject提供的组件在双线河和狭长湖泊间构建约束的Delaunay三角网,继而提取其骨架线,从而得到双线河和狭长湖泊的中轴线,之后进行拓扑关系的保持,有效地简化了水系数据模型的建立,为后续的空间分析打下基础。  相似文献   
975.
Only comparatively few experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the performance of the HEC-6 river morphological model. The model was developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center of the US Army Corps of Engineers. In this study, experiments were carried out in a 20 m long concrete flume 0.6 m wide with varying rectangular cross-sections. The channel bed is paved with uniform sand of D50 = 0.9 mm and D90 = 1.2 mm within the test reach of 12 m. Two types of experiments were carried out with sediment transport, one under steady uniform flow and another under steady non-uniform flow conditions. Nine steady uniform flow experiments were carried out to compare the measured equilibrium relationship of flow and sediment transport rate with two bedload formulae, namely, Du Boys and Meyer–Peter and Muller, and with three total load formulae, namely, Toffaleti, Laursen and Yang. It was found that even though the sediment transport consists of a certain portion of bedload, the total load formulae give satisfactory results and better agreement than the two bedload formulae. Five steady non-uniform flow experiments were carried out under various conditions of varying bed profile and channel width and also with sediment addition and withdrawal. The measured transient water surface and bed profiles are compared with the computed results from the HEC-6 model. It was found that the Toffaleti and Yang total load formulae used in the HEC-6 model give the most satisfactory prediction of actual bed profiles under various conditions of non-uniform flow and sediment transport. The effects of Manning's n, variations of sediment inflow, various sediment transport formulae, sediment grain size and the model numerical parameters, i.e. distance interval Δx and numerical weighting factor, on the computed water surface and bed profiles were determined. It was found that the selection of the sediment transport formulae has the most significant effect on the computed results. It can be concluded that the HEC-6 model can predict satisfactorily a long-term average pattern of local scour and deposition along a channel with either a small abrupt change in geometry or gradually varying cross-sections. However, the accuracy of the model prediction is reduced in the regions where highly non-uniform flow occurs.  相似文献   
976.
Combining a six-term heat balance equation and a seasonal thermocline model, a new equation to calculate non- radiative fluxes of Lake Banyoles has been determined. Mean daily measurements of global solar radiation, downward longwave radiation, wind speed, air temperature and water surface temperature were used as input data and lake temperature as the calculated output data of the model. To calibrate performance of the new equation, calculated lake temperature was compared with measured lake temperature during both the mixing and the stratified period of the lake. The new coefficients in the wind function to calculate the non-radiative fluxes at the water surface were assumed to depend on the variability of the wind speed, the air temperature of the study area and the surface temperature of the lake. In addition, the results were used to estimate the heat balance of the air–water interface of Lake Banyoles over a period of two years. The processes that have been taken into account are shortwave and longwave radiation, back-radiation emitted by the lake, sensible and latent heat and throughflow.  相似文献   
977.
978.
Surface runoff may be generated when the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity, or when the soil profile is saturated with water. Indications exist that both types of overland flow may occur in hilly agricultural loess regions. Here, for a loessial hillslope under maize in the southern part of The Netherlands, it was shown, with pressure head and runoff measurements, that Hortonian overland flow occurs during typical summer rain events. Surface runoff was initiated after saturation of the top 5–10 cm of the soil. Deeper in the soil, unsaturated conditions prevailed while runoff took place. Peak runoff discharges at the outlet of the subcatchment occurred a few minutes after peak rainfall intensities were measured. It appeared that SWMS_2D, a two-dimensional water flow model, was capable in simulating observed pressure head changes and runoff. Simulated potential runoff for the transect studied was higher by a magnitude of three than the measured areal average. This indicates effects of surface ponding, and the probable location of this particular transect in a region with high runoff production.  相似文献   
979.
非线性半参数模型最小二乘核估计的直接解法   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
基于非线性半参数模型最小二乘核估计,给出了其参数分量和非参数分量估计的构造式,导出了参数分量和非参数分量顾及二次项直接解法的计算公式。用实测数据进行计算,证明了对于非线性半参数模型最小二乘核估计,可采用顾及二次项的直接解法。  相似文献   
980.
利用现场位移测量资料反演分析是进行洞室围岩稳定分析和了解岩体介质中洞室的力学性状与设计参数的一种新手段。阐述了位移测量反演分析的基本思路、解算模型、成果检验等,并用计算实例说明了其有效性。  相似文献   
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