两种微藻对中华哲水蚤繁殖的影响——基于饵料生化组成分析

在春季,以中肋骨条藻和海洋原甲藻培养中华哲水蚤,以饥饿培养作为对照,测定了饵料的脂肪酸和挥发性不饱和醛类的组成和含量、雌体的产卵率和卵的孵化率,试图探讨藻类生化组成对桡足类繁殖的影响。结果表明,中肋骨条藻单不饱和脂肪酸、?16脂肪酸的含量相对较高,而海洋原甲藻则具有更高含量的总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、?ω3、?ω6、?18脂肪酸。中肋骨条藻和海洋原甲藻分别测得了6种和3种不饱和醛类,二者醛类总含量分别为1438.95μg/g和114.58μg/g。在饥饿的情况下,中华哲水蚤的产卵会停止。中华哲水蚤在中肋骨条藻和海洋原甲藻培养下并没有表现出产卵率和孵化率的差异,一方面说明并非所有的硅藻都会对桡足类的繁殖产生抑制作用,另一方面说明藻类进入桡足类体内以后并未因其生化组成的差异对卵的孵化产生影响。中肋骨条藻培养下中华哲水蚤具有更高的死亡率,表明硅藻在浓度较高时会对桡足类的存活产生影响。     

豆油替代鱼油对赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)生长、体组成及体脂肪酸组成的影响

以鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源,玉米淀粉为糖源,以豆油分别替代25%、50%、75%和100%的鱼油,配制4组等氮(50.26%—51.03%)、等能(20.82—21.01k J/g)实验饲料,每组饲料设3个平行,每个平行20尾鱼,进行为期6周的生长实验。实验结果表明,过高的豆油替代会引起生长的下降。随着豆油替代水平的升高,饲料转换系数(FCR)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,最高值(1.96±0.42)出现在全豆油替代水平组,而蛋白质效率(PER)表现为相反的结果。全豆油替代组呈现相对最高的肝体比(HSI)值,但各处理组之间没有显著性差异(P0.05)。全鱼水分和蛋白含量没有明显差异(P0.05)。投喂25%替代水平组的全鱼脂肪含量最高(P0.05),但是在50%—100%替代水平处理组之间没有显著差异(P0.05)。赤点石斑鱼鱼体脂肪酸组成明显受到饲料脂肪酸组成的影响。随着饲料豆油水平的升高,全鱼鱼体中的亚油酸(C18:2n6)含量显著升高(P0.05),ARA(C20:4n6)、EPA(C20:5n3)和DHA(C22:6n3)含量在全豆油替代组最低。总之,饲料豆油替代水平不宜超过75%,过高的豆油替代水平可能会对赤点石斑鱼生长产生不利影响,并影响鱼的品质。     

Reproductive and feeding spatial dynamics of the black scabbardfish,Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839, in NE Atlantic inferred from fatty acid and stable isotope analyses

The black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) is a benthopelagic species widely distributed across the NE Atlantic, where it is admitted to perform a clockwise migration throughout its life cycle stimulated by feeding and reproduction. To overcome the limitations of direct observation of this species, fatty acids profile (FA) and δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C stable isotopes (SI) were analyzed in the muscle tissue of the black scabbardfish and related with diet and maturity. Specimens were collected in four geographic areas in the NE Atlantic: Iceland, the west of the British Isles, mainland Portugal, and Madeira. For all areas, the FA profile was related with the different phases of the reproductive cycle and with diet, whereas the SI were related with diet, environmental characteristics, such as latitude and depth, and particulate organic matter (POM). Stomach content of black scabbardfish caught off mainland Portugal was analyzed and the most frequent prey item identified was the lophogastrid crustacean Gnathophausia zoea, followed by the cephalopod Mastigotheutis spp. and the teleost Rouleina maderensis. For specimens from Iceland and the west of the British Isles, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the most important FA, followed by polyunsaturated (PUFA) and saturated FA (SFA), whereas for specimens from mainland Portugal and from Madeira the sequences were PUFA>MUFA>SFA and PUFA>SFA>MUFA, respectively. Immature specimens from the first three areas were found to be accumulating oleic acid which is an intermediate product of the metabolic pathway that transforms SFA to MUFA and these into PUFA. Specimens caught off Madeira were mature and showed a significant prevalence of ARA and DHA which are PUFA with an important role in reproduction. δ¹⁵N was significantly higher in the muscle of black scabbardfish from Madeira, whereas δ¹³C was significantly lower in specimens from Iceland. The low isotopic ratios as well as the prevalence of certain fatty acid trophic markers (FATM) connected specimens from Iceland with small prey. Results indicated that the spatial differences in physiological aspects of this species are related with diet and prey availability in Madeira, mainland Portugal, and the west of the British Isles, as well as variations in the baseline values of the primary production that are related with latitude and depth, mainly in Iceland. The allometric effect of each area׳s size ranges over δ¹⁵N supports the existence of ontogenic differences in the black scabbardfish׳s diet. This diet is typical of mobile benthopelagic predators that are opportunistic feeders.     

对叶百部根的无机元素与氨基酸成分分析

研究无机元素及氨基酸对对叶百部根生物活性的影响,采用电感耦合等离子质谱和氨基酸自动分析仪对其进行检测,共检测27种无机元素和16种氨基酸。结果表明对叶百部中含有Fe,Zn,Mn,Se等多种对人体有益的无机元素和7种人体必需氨基酸,并对无机元素与氨基酸与百部药效的相关性进行探讨。     

Influence of two different dietary zinc sources in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae

A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the ef fects of bulk zinc(B-Zn) and zinc nanoparticles(Zn-NPs) on survival, growth, compositions of amino acid and fatty acid, and nonspeci?c immune responses of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae. The B-Zn(size 10 μm)and Zn-NPs(size 50 nm) were supplemented separately with the basal feeds of M. rosenbergii at 60 mg/kg and feed without supplementation of any Zn source was served as a control. M. rosenbergii were fed these feeds for 90 days and the results showed that signi?cant( P <0.05) improvements in survival, growth, feed intake,speci?c growth rate, essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, nonspeci?c immune responses(total haemocytes and dif ferential haemocytes count) of M. rosenbergii fed with B-Zn and Zn-NPs supplemented feeds when compared to control. Among these Zn sources, Zn-NPs supplemented feeds fed prawns showed signi?cantly( P <0.05) better performance than that of B-Zn and control. Hence, present study suggests that the 60 mg/kg Zn-NPs can be supplemented with basal feeds of M. rosenbergii for regulating better survival and growth.     

两种东风螺的营养成分分析与评估

本文对方斑东风螺和波部东风螺自身营养成分进行分析,测定其中的含肉率和腹足肌含有的基本营养成分,分析氨基酸种类及组成和脂肪酸种类及组成,对方斑东风螺和波部东风螺的营养价值进行综合评定以及对比分析.结果表明:方斑东风螺和波部东风螺含肉率分别为48.94%±2.01%和45.12%±2.29%,腹足肌中都含有高达70%左右的蛋白含量和5%左右低含量的脂肪,糖类含量接近10%,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸相对含量高,必需氨基酸指数在43以上,肉味鲜美,方斑东风螺的EPA和DHA相对含量总和为7.1%,波部东风螺为10.5%,方斑东风螺和波部东风螺的n-3系列不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别高达6.4%和7.5%,n-6系列分别为13.4%和15.0%,属名贵滋补的海产品.     

两种甲藻和两种硅藻脂肪酸组成的比较研究

研究了4种海洋微藻的脂肪酸组成。研究结果显示,锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)和海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)的主要脂肪酸有16:0、18:4ω3、18:5ω3、20:3ω6、22:6ω3,中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.)的主要脂肪酸为14:0、16:0、16:1ω7、20:5ω3。两种甲藻和两种硅藻分别都表现出典型的甲藻门和硅藻门的脂肪酸特征。从总脂肪酸、PUFA、ω3和ω6脂肪酸的含量来看,单位干质量的两种甲藻能够比两种硅藻提供更多的脂肪酸类营养物质。但是某些动物生长发育所必需的脂肪酸(如20:5ω3)在硅藻中的含量却高于甲藻。因此实际应用中单种饵料往往不能提供足够的营养物质,通常需要将不同饵料混合以获得营养价值更高的饵料。对4种微藻的脂肪酸组成进行聚类分析和主成分分析,结果不仅反映了4种微藻在分类上亲缘关系的远近,也反映了几种微藻各自的脂肪酸组成特征。     

东太平洋海隆13°N附近沉积物中类脂化合物的分布特征及其对热液活动的指示

深海热液区的热液物质喷发扩散会对周围海底的沉积物产生影响,研究沉积物中类脂物有助于进一步了解热液活动对其产生的影响.对东太平洋海隆西翼13°N附近E271和E272站位沉积物中的正构烷烃和脂肪酸进行了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析.在两个站位的沉积物中检测到链长C11—C 35的正构烷烃,其以双峰型分布为主,其中短链...     

长牡蛎早期胚胎发育中脂肪酸和氨基酸组成变化的研究

采用生物化学方法研究了长牡（Crassostrea gigas）早期胚胎发育过程中脂肪酸、氨基酸组成变化情况,分别获取受精后0、6、12、24h的胚胎或幼虫进行检测和分析,结果如下：在受精卵中共检测到27种脂肪酸,豆蔻酸（14：0）、软脂酸（16：0）、硬脂酸（18：0）,EPA（20：5ω3）和DHA（22：6ω3）...