Bi‐directional coupled tuned mass dampers for the seismic response control of two‐way asymmetric‐plan buildings

This paper proposes bi‐directional coupled tuned mass dampers (BiCTMDs) for the seismic response control of two‐way asymmetric‐plan buildings subjected to bi‐directional ground motions. The proposed BiCTMD was developed from the three‐degree‐of‐freedom modal system, which represents the vibration mode of a two‐way asymmetric‐plan building. The performance of the proposed BiCTMD for the seismic response control of elastic two‐way asymmetric‐plan buildings was verified by investigating the reductions of the amplitudes of the associated frequency response functions. In addition, the investigation showed that the proposed BiCTMD is effective in reducing the seismic damage of inelastic asymmetric‐plan buildings. Therefore, the BiCTMD is an effective approach for the seismic response control of both elastic and inelastic two‐way asymmetric‐plan buildings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近断层地震动作用下桥梁结构的组合隔震分析

为改善近断层地震动作用下隔震桥梁结构的抗震性能,基于Benchmark结构振动控制问题,研究附加黏滞阻尼器、磁流变(MR)阻尼器的组合隔震策略.非线性动力分析过程中,优化了黏滞阻尼器的阻尼系数和速度指数,并设计了分散模糊控制器来确定施加给磁流变阻尼器的电压.研究结果表明:采用黏滞阻尼器和磁流变阻尼器可提高隔震桥梁结构在...     

大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥减震控制装置参数的研究

大跨度桥梁结构的减震控制研究对于桥梁结构的抗震安全具有重要意义。本文以主跨368m的茅草街大桥为研究对象,基于ANSYS建立了该桥的三维有限元模型,并采用子空间迭代法分析了该桥的动力特性。在此基础上进行了大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的地震响应及减震控制研究,重点进行了弹性连接装置和粘滞阻尼器减震效果的参数敏感性分析,并对比分析了不同位置布设减震装置时的效果。结果表明,纵飘振型对该桥肋纵向相对位移的贡献最大;弹性连接装置和阻尼器均能有效减小地震作用下该桥的肋梁纵向相对位移;综合考虑各关键部位的地震响应时,同时采用两类减震装置并将其分散布置时的减震效果最佳。结论可供大跨度中承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的抗震设计参考。     

Tall building vibration control using a TM‐MR damper assembly: Experimental results and implementation

This paper summarizes the relevant results of the design, construction, testing, and implementation of a nominal 120 kN magnetorheological damper developed to control a free‐plan tall building in Santiago, Chile, equipped with two 160‐ton tuned masses. Cyclic as well as hybrid simulation tests were performed on the prototype damper. Global building responses using measured MR properties showed good correlation with analytical estimations. Also, a proposed physical controller for the MR damper was validated through hybrid and building pull‐back tests. Its performance is essentially equivalent to that of an LQR controller, but the information needed in its implementation is considerably less. Pull‐back tests of 10 cm amplitude were performed on one mass along the flexible edge of the building and its response controlled using the passive and controlled modes of the MR damper. The MR damper was capable of controlling the TM displacements very effectively, as well as the simulated building response for different ground motions and harmonic excitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scaling of capillary,gravity and viscous forces affecting flow morphology in unsaturated porous media

Interplay between capillary, gravity and viscous forces in unsaturated porous media gives rise to a range of complex flow phenomena affecting morphology, stability and dynamics of wetting and drainage fronts. Similar average phase contents may result in significantly different fluid distribution and patterns affecting macroscopic transport properties of the unsaturated medium. The formulation of general force balance within simplified pore spaces yields scaling relationships for motion of liquid elements in which gravitational force in excess of capillary pinning force scales linearly with viscous force. Displacement fluid front morphology is described using dimensionless force ratios expressed as Bond and Capillary numbers. The concise representations of a wide range of flow regimes with scaling relations, and predictive capabilities of front morphology based on dimensionless numbers lend support to certain generalizations. Considering available experimental data, we are able to define conditions for onset of unstable and intermittent flows leading to enhanced liquid and gas entrapment. These results provide a basis for delineation of a tentative value of Bo ∼ 0.05 as an upper limit of applicability of the Richards equation (at pore to sample scales) and related continuum-based flow models.     

Palaeomagnetism of the loess/palaeosol sequence in Viatovo (NE Bulgaria) in the Danube basin

The results of a palaeomagnetic investigation of a 27 m thick loess/palaeosol sequence in Viatovo (NE Bulgaria) are presented in this paper. The sequence consists of topsoil S₀, seven loess horizons (L₁–L₇) and six interbedded palaeosols (S₁–S₆) overlying a red clay (terra rossa) complex. Magnetic viscosity experiments, IRM acquisition, AMS analysis and NRM stepwise alternating and thermal demagnetisation experiments of pilot samples were implemented for precise determination of the characteristic remanence and construction of a reliable magnetostratigraphical scheme. Analysis of IRM acquisition curves using the expectation – maximization algorithm of Heslop et al. [Heslop, D., Dekkers, M., Kruiver, P., van Oorschot, H., 2002. Analysis of isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition curves using the expectation – maximization algorithm. Geophys. J. Int., 148, 58–64] suggests that the best fitting is obtained by three coercivity components. Component 1 corresponds to SD maghemite/magnetite, while component 2 is probably related to the presence of oxidised detrital magnetites. The third component shows varying coercivities depending on the degree of pedogenic alteration of the samples and probably reflects the presence of detrital magnetite grains oxidised at different degree.

The relevance of the Viatovo section as a key representative sequence for the loess cover in the Danube basin is confirmed by the presence of geomagnetic polarity changes in the lower part of the sequence. The youngest one recorded in the seventh loess unit L₇ can be identified as corresponding to the Matuyama/Brunhes palaeomagnetic polarity transition. Two normal magnetozones were found in the red clay complex, probably corresponding to the Jaramillo and Olduvai subchronozones of the Matuyama chron.     

摩擦耗能器的类型与性能及其在实际工程中的应用

摩擦耗能器是一种构造简单、耗能机理明确、耗能能力大且性能稳定的耗能减震装置,在实际工程中已得到较为广泛的应用.主要介绍不同类型摩擦耗能器的构造与性能及其在实际工程中的应用,并提出了摩擦耗能器在开发与应用中需进一步研究解决的问题.     

安装复合MR阻尼器的结构振动台试验研究

对不同控制策略下安装有复合MR(磁流变)阻尼器的模型结构进行了振动台试验研究.在El Centro地震动激励下,基于线性二次高斯(LQG)和广义预测(GP)两种控制算法,针对半主动控制系统、MR阻尼器以恒定电流(-0.5A(Passive-on 1)、0A(Passive-off)、2A(Passive-on 2)的控制系统,以及由半主动控制方式和基础隔震组合而成的混合控制系统,在WINCON/SIMULINK实时控制软件平台下对一个1:4的三层钢框架模型进行了地震模拟振动台试验.试验结果表明:基于复合MR阻尼器的控制系统是有效的,无论是被动控制、半主动控制还是混合控制,都显著降低了模型结构各层的加速度、位移响应;复合MR阻尼器在不通入电流时具有一定的被动控制效果;采用考虑时滞自补偿的广义预测控制效果要好于LQG控制,并且这两种控制策略的都能以较被动控制小的控制力达到较好的控制效果.     

拟负刚度阻尼减振结构的动力特性与减振效果分析

对拟负刚度阻尼减振结构的动力特性与减振效果进行了研究。首先,证明了采用拟负刚度控制方法时,结构响应与外荷载之间满足齐次性;其次,对拟负刚度阻尼减振结构的加速度放大系数和位移放大系数进行了研究,并与粘滞阻尼减振结构的加速度放大系数和位移放大系数进行了比较;最后,对地震荷栽作用下拟负刚度阻尼减振结构的减振效果进行了分析。研究结果表明：当外荷载与结构的频率比大于1或结构的周期较长时,拟负刚度控制对结构绝对加速度的控制效果要好于粘滞阻尼减振结构的控制效果,对结构位移的控制效果要差于粘滞阻尼减振结构的控制效果。