The MT inversion for conductivity anisotropy and EDA precursor，stress field and deformationbandintheEarthsdeepcrust

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地壳介质各向异性弹性本构关系讨论

论述了地壳介质中存在的各类向异性及其弹性本构关系,推导了应变能变换公式、ＥＤＡ薄层各向异性弹性常数及非对称面上ＥＤＡ构成的单斜对称弹性常数的计算公式;讨论了几种各向异性对称系统的本征方程并给出了弹性波的角散表达式,最后选取合理的参数对波的角散现象作了数值模拟。     

Confined aquifer as wave-guide and its responses to geo-acoustic waves

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Statistical characteristics of flow as indicators of channeling in heterogeneous porous and fractured media

We introduce two new channeling indicators D_ic and D_cc based on the Lagrangian distribution of flow rates. On the basis of the participation ratio, these indicators characterize the extremes of both the flow-tube width distribution and the flow rate variation along flow lines. The participation ratio is an indicator biased toward the larger values of a distribution and is equal to the normalized ratio of the square of the first-order moment to the second-order moment. Compared with other existing indicators, they advantageously provide additional information on the flow channel geometry, are consistently applicable to both porous and fractured media, and are generally less variable for media generated using the same parameters than other indicators. Based on their computation for a broad range of porous and fracture permeability fields, we show that they consistently characterize two different geometric properties of channels. D_ic gives a characteristic scale of low-flow zones in porous media and a characteristic distance between effectively flowing structures in fractured cases. D_cc gives a characteristic scale of the extension of high-flow zones in porous media and a characteristic channel length in fractured media. D_ic is mostly determined by channel density and permeability variability. D_cc is, however, more affected by the nature of the correlation structure like the presence of permeability channels or fractures in porous media and the length distribution in fracture networks.     

Density-dependent dispersion in heterogeneous porous media Part I: A numerical study

In this paper, we describe carefully conducted numerical experiments, in which a dense salt solution vertically displaces fresh water in a stable manner. The two-dimensional porous media are weakly heterogeneous at a small scale. The purpose of these simulations, conducted for a range of density differences, is to obtain accurate concentration profiles that can be used to validate nonlinear models for high-concentration-gradient dispersion. In this part we focus on convergence of the computations, in numerical and statistical sense, to ensure that the uncertainty in the results is small enough.Concentration variances are computed, which give estimates of the uncertainty in local concentration values. These local variations decrease with increasing density contrast. For tracer transport, obtained longitudinal dispersivities are in accordance with analytical findings. In the case of high-density contrasts, stabilizing gravity forces counteract the growth of dispersive fingers, decreasing the effective width of the transition zone. For small log-permeability variances, the decrease of the apparent dispersivity that is found is in agreement with laboratory results for homogeneous columns.     

Numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation in complex media by convolutional differentiator

We apply the forward modeling algorithm constituted by the convolutional Forsyte polynomial differentiator pro-posed by former worker to seismic wave simulation of complex heterogeneous media and compare the efficiency and accuracy between this method and other seismic simulation methods such as finite difference and pseudospec-tral method. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the algorithm constituted by convolutional Forsyte polyno-mial differentiator has high efficiency and accuracy and needs less computational resources, so it is a numerical modeling method with much potential.     

Calculation of reflection and transmission coefficients for qP waves incident on a planar interface between isotropic and triclinic media

In the paper by Chattopadhyay and Rajneesh (2006, “Reflection and refraction of waves at the interface of an isotropic medium over a highly anisotropic medium’, Acta Geophysica, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 239–249), the authors proposed a process to calculate R/T (reflection and transmission) coefficients at the interface between isotropic and triclinic half-spaces, with incident qP waves in triclinic media. Unfortunately, besides several misprints, the authors made a fatal assumption that there is no transmitted SH wave generated in isotropic media, which led the successive analytical derivations and numerical calculations thoroughly wrong. In this paper, the errors are analyzed at length and corrections are given. Then an alternative approach to solve the problem is proposed and numerical results are shown and discussed.     

昆仑山Ms 8.1级地震震后变形场数值模拟与成因机理探讨

2001年11月14日,在青海和新疆交界处发生了昆仑山M_s8.1级强烈地震,GPS后观测显示,此次地震震后形变不仅在断裂南北两侧存在很大的差异,而且在短时间调整后断裂南北两侧表现为同向运动.本文以观测的地震形变为约束,通过有限元数值模拟分析昆仑山地震震后形变的物理机制.建立有关的有限元虚功方程,通过有限元数值方法模拟震后形变,从理论上分析介质的非均匀性、黏滞性松弛、流体调整对震后形变的影响.采用网格搜索确定昆仑断裂南北两侧下地壳的黏滞系数分别为5.0×10¹⁷Pa·s, 9.0×10¹⁸Pa·s左右,正是这十余倍的差异引起了断裂两侧震后形变的非对称性和同向运动,这一差异既是长期地质作用的结果,又是现代地球动力学环境的决定因素之一.通过数值模拟定性讨论了断裂北侧地表形变在震后短期内的调整,对于靠近断裂附近的测点可能是黏弹性松弛和孔隙流体调整共同作用的结果,所以在分析短期震后形变时综合考虑黏弹松弛和孔隙流体调整是很有必要的.     

3D image-based characterization of fluid displacement in a Berea core

Improved network flow models require the incorporation of increasingly accurate geometrical characterization of the microscale pore structure as well as greater information on fluid–fluid interaction (interfaces) at pore scales. We report on three dimensional (3D) pore scale medium characterization, absolute permeability computations for throat structures, and pore scale residual fluid distribution in a Berea core. X-ray computed microtomography combined with X-ray attenuating dopants is used to obtain 3D images of the pore network and to resolve phase distributions in the pore space.     

Inversion of interference hydraulic pumping tests in both homogeneous and fractal dual media

This work proposes a complete method for automatic inversion of data from hydraulic interference pumping tests based on both homogeneous and fractal dual-medium approaches. The aim is to seek a new alternative concept able to interpret field data, identify macroscopic hydraulic parameters and therefore enhance the understanding of flow in porous fractured reservoirs. Because of its much contrasted sensitivities to parameters, the dual-medium approach yields an ill-posed inverse problem that requires a specific optimization procedure including the calculation of analytical sensitivities and their possible re-scaling. Once these constraints are fulfilled, the inversion proves accurate, provides unambiguous and reliable results. In the fractal context inverting several drawdown curves from different locations at the same time reveals more accurate. Finally, hydraulic parameters drawn from inversion should be taken into account to improve in various situations the conditioning of up-scaled flow in fractured rocks.