并行计算技术及其在勘探地球物理学中的现状与展望

本文详细阐述了并行计算技术及其在地球物理勘探数据处理中的发展现状和发展趋势,分析了几个代表性的并行算法实例.这些结果表明,在拥有强大的并行机的基础上,基于并行计算开发环境(MPI和PVM等)设计高效的并行算法,通过分配合理的并行粒度、通信开销、负载平衡等执行高效的并行计算,可以有效加快处理速度、降低成本.目前,并行算法在地震数据处理中应用已较为成熟,近年来向更实用的基于PC机群的并行技术发展.然而,在非地震方法中,并行算法应用较少见文献报道,研究尚处于初级研究阶段.在大地电磁的二维和三维正、反演问题上,并行计算技术逐渐得到越来越多关注和重视.随着资源和能源需求的增长,地球物理勘探向深度和广度快速发展,大幅增长的数据量使得高性能并行计算机和高效的并行算法在勘探地球物理学中的发展和应用将占据愈来愈重要的地位.     

三维全景虚拟地震台站的建立

三维全景是一种基于静态图像的真实场景虚拟现实技术,首先简要叙述该技术的主要原理和技术路线,基于此建立了可以在网络上发布和浏览的三维全景虚拟地震台站系统,该技术丰富了防震减灾宣传工作的手段和内容.     

Local, global and virtual buzz: The importance of face-to-face contact in economic interaction and possibilities to go beyond

Novel information and communication technologies have created new possibilities for transferring information and knowledge over distance. Although this might open up broad options for economic interaction, knowledge regarding the effects of these changes on the geographies of production and innovation is still incomplete. Under these circumstances, permanent co-location and face-to-face (F2F) interaction may be efficient in some contexts but not in others. Support by computer-mediated communication (CMC), temporary, and virtual interaction is increasingly becoming the basis for establishing trans-local production networks. By combining results from social psychology with economic geography, it is argued that there is no generally superior spatial fix for economic interaction. Different spatial configurations can be advantageous in different production and innovation contexts, even over large distances without permanent or even regular F2F contact. This paper systematically investigates the effects of new communication technologies and different organisational forms for economic interaction by emphasizing the potential of combining CMC with forms of temporary and permanent F2F interaction.     

Virtual wave gauges based upon stereo imaging for measuring surface wave characteristics

A virtual wave gauge (VWG) technique based on stereo imaging is developed to remotely measure water wave height, period, and direction. VWG minimizes computational costs by directly tracking the elevation of the water surface at selected points of interest using a Eulerian based dynamic searching algorithm. Results show that the VWG technique developed in this paper dramatically improves efficiency by two orders of magnitude compared to the traditional Lagrangian–Eulerian based point cloud method of stereo image processing. VWG is tested against traditional wave wire gauges to within 98% accuracy for significant wave height. Furthermore, the flexibility of the VWG is demonstrated in two field applications. First in an offshore breaking wave case, an array of VWGs is used to efficiently measure wave directionality. Second to investigate the reflection coefficient of a rock-mounted structure interacting with nearshore waves, linear and spatial VWG arrays are designed and implemented based on a priori information of the wave field from a preliminary VWG measurement. Overall, we demonstrate that the flexible and computational efficient VWG technique has the potential to make real-time remote stereo imaging wave measurements a reality.     

三维地质建模软件发展现状及问题探讨

分析了三维地质建模软件可以明显地提高工作效率与工程质量,建立勘探区的三维地质模型,检查原始数据的正确性,通过各种“虚拟切割”手段检查各种地质要素间的相互关系。探讨了三维地质建模软件开发中所存在的几个问题,包括软件开发团队应适时转为公司机制,审慎选择开源工具,三维地质建模的三维模型数据标准,在勘探规范中增加三维地质建模要求,二、三维联动编辑,选准产品的用户群的与盈利模式等。     

Consolidation of inelastic clays under rectangular cyclic loading

This paper presents a semi-analytical solution for one dimensional consolidation problem of inelastic clays under cyclic loading considering the effect of the change of the consolidation coefficient of the soil layer. Due to change of the consolidation coefficient, and time-dependant loading, Terzaghi's theory would not be applicable in cyclic conditions. In this research, a method based on the time variable exchange along with the superimposing rule is employed to overcome these shortcomings. Changes in the consolidation coefficient are applied in the solution by modifying the loading and unloading durations introducing a Virtual Time. Based on the superimposing rule a set of continuous static loads in specified times are used instead of the cyclic load in the transformed time space. Each full cycle of loading is replaced by a pair of static loads with different signs. Based on the Terzaghi's theory the pore-water pressure distribution and the degree of consolidation are calculated for each static load and the results are superimposed. A set of laboratory consolidation tests under cyclic load and numerical analysis are performed in order to verify the presented method. The numerical solution and laboratory tests results showed the accuracy of the presented method.     

GIS发展的最新趋势及其应用前景

简要分析了目前ＧＩＳ研究领域的主要方向及其基本基本内容,其中包括组件（Ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓ）ＧＩＳ、Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ或Ｉｎｔｅｒａｎｅｔ ＧＩＳ、Ｄａｔａ Ｗｓｒｅｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ、ＳＤＩ、３Ｄ ＧＩＳ、ＧＩＳ与多媒体数据的集成及虚拟现实技术等。阐述了ＧＩＳ的开发应用领域及其现状,最后对ＧＩＳ的开发应用提出一些建议。     

VRML在三维地质曲面动态显示中的应用

简要介绍了虚拟现实和 VRML的基本概念。根据地质曲面的实际情况, 提出采用网格化数据文件与 Elevation Grid节点相结合方法建立虚拟空间, 动态显示三维地质曲面。将该方法应用到煤田地质曲面上, 取得了良好的视觉效果。      

Geomatics 与数字地球

本文论述了Geomatics的内涵及特点,强调了数字地球是真实地球的数字化再现,是信息高度富集的统一体,是当代科学技术高度发展的产物,也是人类资源共享的一种概念模式.两者包含了地球系统的相关内容,并以3S等技术为支撑.知识经济时代对地理学提出了诸多问题,人类必须从全球的角度研究一系列资源环境问题,以保证全球性可持续发展战略的实施.     

从地理信息系统到虚拟地理环境的认知转变

自20世纪60年代初以来,地理信息系统引领了地理信息的分析与服务。然而,由于地理学家对于地理过程开展多维模拟的需求,同时许多大型工程需要对于不同方案的后果事先开展模拟评估,为此中国学者们在世纪相交之际开始了对于虚拟地理环境的探索。本文从地理信息系统到虚拟地理环境的认识上的转变着手,分析了虚拟地理环境的演进过程、当前的阶段定位与挑战,着重探讨了虚拟地理环境研究的新态势：基于虚拟地理环境的地理空间认知研究、虚拟地理环境与实验地理学新方向、大数据背景下的虚拟地理认知实验方法和虚拟地理环境与地理知识工程,并给出最新研究思路。