虚拟现实及其在军事测绘与作训模拟中的应用

虚拟现实是由计算机生成的人造环境或对象,它可以与操作者交互,构成一个封闭的系统,使人有身临其境之感。这一技术扩展了人的认知手段和范围,改变了传统的仿真与模拟方式,已引起了各个专业领域的重视。测绘工程为虚拟现实技术提供了理论、方法和数据基础,并应把这一技术作为下一世纪测绘保障的新手段而给予重视和开发。     

Petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic basalt–andesite–rhyolite dyke association in the Carajás region, Amazonian craton

Paleoproterozoic basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic dykes crosscut the Archaean Carajás basement. Basalts are distinguished into a high and a low TiO₂ group (HTi and LTi), each group consisting of geochemically distinct NE- and NW-trending swarms. The HTi dykes are evolved transitional basalts having essentially EMORB-type geochemistry. The LTi basalts are tholeiites (NE-trending swarm) and high-Al basalts (NW-trending swarm) displaying incompatible trace elements patterns with variably negative Nb anomaly, enrichment in Rb, Ba, K (LILE) and La, Ce and Nd (LREE) and positive Sr anomaly. With respect to orogenic analogues, andesites have lower Al₂O₃, CaO and Ni, higher FeO, LILE, LREE, Nb, Zr and Ti and negative Sr anomaly. Rhyolites have geochemical characteristics comparable with those of A-type granites. At 1.8 Ga, ranges from 0.700 to 0.705 in the HTi basalts and from 0.700 to 0.704 in the LTi group. Andesites define an isochron of 1874±110 Ma (Sr_o=0.7038±0.0010). Rhyolites from Southern and Northern Carajás define two isochrons of 1802±130 Ma (Sr_o=0.7062±0.0046) and 1535±82 Ga (Sr_o=0.7625) respectively, the younger date being interpreted as resetting of the Rb–Sr isotopic system. We propose a petrogenetic model relating LTi basalts with melting of lithospheric mantle metasomatized by acid melts derived from incipient melting of eclogites, representing in turn the subsolidus product of basaltic batches trapped in the mantle. The HTi basalts are explained by melting of the lithospheric mantle containing the complementary residual eclogite. Andesite petrogenesis is consistent with crystal fractionation from a high-Mg andesite parent derived from a mantle source more extensively metasomatized by eclogite-derived melts. Rhyolite composition is consistent with low melting degree of the basement rocks. The basalt–andesite–rhyolite dykes may represent the effects of crustal extension and arching in Carajás, which produced the anorogenic acid to intermediate magmatism (Uatumã group) and affecting a large part of the Amazon craton between 1.85 and 1.7 Ga.     

Compound[ing] disasters in Puerto Rico: Pathways for virtual transdisciplinary collaboration to enhance community resilience

Puerto Rico has been subject to complex and compounding effects of multiple disasters, exacerbated by sociopolitical, climactic, and geographical challenges that complicate relief and resilience. Interdisciplinary teams are uniquely suited to traverse emerging challenges in post-disaster settings, but there are few studies that leverage transdisciplinary skill sets and virtual co-production of knowledge to build on local autonomous responses. Communities are key sources of information and innovation which can serve as a model for recovery amidst disaster. Thus, an interdisciplinary team of emerging scholars collaborated with Caras con Causa, a local organization in Cataño, Puerto Rico, to develop processes for enhancing autonomous responses to disaster events through participatory pathways, specifically highlighting local knowledge and preferences. The results of this collaboration include: (1) an iterative process model for transdisciplinary co-production in virtual settings and (2) key highlights from post engagement reflections including community-scale definitions of disaster, and limitations to virtual collaboration amidst disaster. Together, these results yielded critical insights and lessons learned, including recommendations for improved project communication methods within transdisciplinary and virtual collaborations. Collectively, the process, it’s resulting products, and the post-engagement reflections demonstrate a pathway for scholars and community members to engage disaster resilience challenges. These strategies are most effectively practiced through focused collaboration with community stakeholders and are paramount in solving real-world challenges related to the increasing complex of compounding disasters.     

融合分布式目标的小基线集干涉测量方法应用

针对在地理国情监测项目中遇到的时间序列InSAR技术获取的地表形变结果存在空间采样率不足的现状,该文以传统小基线集干涉测量方法为基础,融合分布式目标提取地表缓慢形变信息。以TerraSAR-X星载SAR SLC影像为数据源,对融合后的方法进行验证,获取了研究区域时间序列地表平均形变速率。结果表明,融合分布式目标的小基线集算法可以有效提高监测区域地表形变信息的获取,在非城市地区及传统方法不能提取高相干稳定点目标的区域克服了原有方法的缺点,表现出了很好的适用性。     

Active fin control for yacht using virtual instrumentation

Virtual instrumentation represents a PC based control system which incorporates manipulation of data acquired from physical transducers in specific ways using a very high level graphical environment. The deployment of this non-traditional approach is demonstrated in this paper by application to design of a fin control system for a yacht. One of the disadvantages of the traditional stabilizer system is the enormous hardware involved in the controllers and instrumentation panels, which make maintenance and troubleshooting difficult. With the help of virtual instrumentation, design of the stabilization controller and instrumentation panels can be carried out much more effectively, in comparison with the traditional hardware approach. A multi-disciplinary approach is adopted here and it consists of the assessment of the hydrodynamic coefficients of the yacht using a numerical package, representation of the hydrodynamic coefficients by suitable polynomial functions, identification of the time dependent fundamental frequency in the roll disturbance signal sample, generation of control signal for an appropriate fin angle based on the fin lift characteristics of the chosen fin and employment of feedback control to maintain the fin at the appropriate angle for maximum control. Once the ship based hydrodynamic coefficients are generated, the entire control algorithm is developed in the virtual instrumentation mode using LabVIEW environment. The effectiveness of the system is verified through laboratory tests on a yacht hull form. The control algorithm permits choice of frequency dependent hydrodynamic coefficients by use of a harmonic distortion analyzer in the virtual instrumentation environment.     

GPS RTK中虚拟基准站技术的运用方法探讨

本文试图寻找一种常规GPS RTK在使用上的新方法,用以解决常规GPS RTK的缺陷。GPS RTK虚拟基准站就是一种在实践中摸索出来的新方法,文中讲述了该方法的理论基础以及野外采集的要求,内业转换的办法,最后对该方法在使用范围及条件上提出了建议。     

虚拟现实技术在城市规划方面的应用研究

介绍了计算机虚拟现实技术概念,探讨了虚拟现实技术应用于城市规划的优势和特点,给出了虚拟现实技术在城市规划设计和规划审批辅助决策中的两个应用研究实例。     

Virtual Earth API在Web地图服务中的应用

自2005年地图搜索服务兴起以及Google公司在线地图Google Map的发布,web地图服务成为新一轮竞争热点,微软、雅虎及亚马逊等公司纷纷参与竞争。本文介绍了微软Virtual Earth API最为重要的几个功能及其实现方法,演示了使用Virtual Earth技术建立Web地图服务的方法,为学习微软Virtual Earth制图技术和使用Virtual Earth地图控件提供借鉴。     

Virtual observatories for space and solar physics research

As soon as the first data became available online over the Internet, it was obvious that different sites holding related datasets should appear to the end user as a single data system, even if the data itself is stored at multiple locations. To achieve this objective in the context of continuing parallel development of multiple data centres, in 2003 several actors in the realm of space plasmas created the international consortium Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE). Since 2005 US participation in SPASE has been supported by NASA, and early in 2006 NASA funded five new Virtual Observatories to cater for different aspects of solar system plasma science. This paper outlines the current status of the SPASE effort, the opportunities it offers, its specificities with respect to other parts of the astronomical virtual observatory, and the possibilities it offers for space weather.