Study on Three-dimensional Visualization for Rock Structure

The visualization of rock structure is a very useful and important technique in many aspects in geological and geotechnical engineering such as investigating and evaluating the stability of a high rock slope. The conventional method used to visualize rock structure is limited to plotting the orientation of individual discontinuities by using the Schmidt stereographic net. The present paper shows a new technique to visualize the three-dimensional structure of rock masses. The fitting function for three-dimensional rock structure was established based on data gathered from field survey. Two fitting methods by which the discontinuous points gathered from a plane and discrete points from field survey were fitted respectively are suggested. The technique to visualize the three-dimensional structure of rock masses includes many aspects such as projection transformation, blanking and mutual cutting, are investigated. Based on the visualizing technique, the rock structure at the site of Xilupdu dam which is being built in Southwest of China was investigated.     

测井方法在湖南测水煤系中的应用

测水煤系是湖南分布较广、储量丰富的含煤地层之一。对于结构简单,灰份较低的煤层,可以通过异常明显的自然伽马低异常与伽马伽马高异常加以判别。但在结构复杂、挤压破坏强烈、薄煤分层、夹矸与顶底围岩炭化程度高、煤与围岩及夹矸物性差异小等情况下,仅靠自然伽马与伽马伽马等常规测井方法难以满足测井质量验收标准。以浆江勘探区3909孔、3503孔及金竹山矿区7403孔为例,利用伽马伽马短源距、三侧向、声速及密度等测井方法,结合常规自然伽马与伽马伽马测井,较好地解决了复杂结构煤层的定性、定厚问题,取得了较好的地质效果。     

水泥搅拌桩与锚杆组合支护结构的力学参数研究

水泥搅拌桩--锚杆组合支护结构是一种新型的组合支护结构,笔者采用有限元方法进行各相关力学参数研究,分析了该组合支护结构的受力特性及变形性态.通过计算结果与实测数据的比较,表明本文所得结论对该组合支护结构的应用有一定的指导价值.     

断陷盆地覆盖区不整合结构量化判识新方法——以济阳坳陷古近系不整合为例

地层不整合结构的量化判识是油气藏,特别是地层不整合油气藏成藏研究的关键问题。针对断陷盆地覆盖区不整合结构研究相对局限、量化判识不够的现状,研究了济阳坳陷第三系不整合纵向结构的发育特征,将不整合结构划分为Ⅰ1,Ⅰ2 和Ⅱ三种类型,它们可通过实验室岩芯样品的分析测试量化判识。由于不整合各层结构在测井曲线上都有一定的响应,因而根据多种测井曲线构建了综合分层曲线,并用最优分割法确定了地层中不整合面的位置。在此基础上,根据GR,AC和SP 曲线建立了主成分曲线,并综合岩芯地质和分析测试研究成果,提出了量化判识不整合结构的量化标准图版。该方法应用于济阳坳陷地层不整合油气藏勘探中,取得良好效果。     

物探队地勘人才队伍建设的实践与思考

总结物探队人才队伍建设实践,学习实践科学发展观,解放思想,转变观念,深刻理解人才是科学发展的第一资源和以用为本的人才理念,探讨在"地质立队"思想指导下,如何引进人才,激励人才,加强人才队伍建设,以人才队伍协调发展,加快地勘经济跨越发展步伐。     

大型地下水封石油洞库场址评价标准及评价方法

影响地下水封石油洞库场址条件优劣的因素较多,除了相关的地质环境因素外,同时还应考虑石油运输的经济性和施工的便利性。在我国第一批国家石油储备基地地下储备库调研和勘察工作的基础上,从场址工程地质条件、技术经济条件、施工条件方面提出地质构造、地形地貌、岩体强度等10个影响地下水封石油洞库场址优劣性的因素,并确定了它们对应的量化指标;以这10个影响因素为评价指标,确定了地下水封石油洞库场址优劣等级的评价标准;详细介绍了可拓综合评价方法和程序,并建立了地下水封油库场址优劣等级可拓评价模型。将这套评价方法在惠州地下水封油库工程中进行应用,验证了评价标准和评价方法的可靠性,评价结果表明惠州地下水封油库场址属于优等场址。     

Geology and geochemistry of fault-hosted hydrothermal and sedimentary manganese deposits in the Oakover Basin,east Pilbara,Western Australia

Manganese mineralisation in the Oakover Basin is associated with Mesoproterozoic extension, basin formation and deposition of the Manganese Group. The underlying basement architecture of the Oakover Basin (a local half-graben geometry), inherited from the Neoarchean rifting event, plays an important role on the distribution, style and timing of manganese deposits. Fault-hosted manganese deposits are dominant along the ‘active’ faulted eastern margin, whereas flat-lying sedimentary deposits are dominant along the western ‘passive’ margin reflecting differences in ore-forming processes. The large number of significant manganese deposits in the Oakover Basin, previously thought to reflect a spatial association with Carawine Dolomite, more likely reflects the restricted nature of the Mesoproterozoic basin and development of a large reservoir of Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ in an anoxic zone of a stratified basin. Low O₂ conditions in the basin were caused by a paleotopographic high forming a barrier to open ocean circulation. The western margin sedimentary deposits formed later than the fault-hosted hydrothermal deposits along the eastern margin, once a significant reservoir of Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ had developed, and when there was sufficient subsidence to allow migration of the redox front onto the shallow shelf, with Mn precipitation on and within the seafloor sediments. The sedimentary manganese deposits are not uniformly distributed along the western edge of the basin; instead they are concentrated into discrete areas (e.g. Mt Cooke–Utah–Mt Rove, Bee Hill, Skull Springs and the Ripon Hills districts), suggesting a degree of structural control on their distribution. Fault-hosted manganese is observed beneath and adjacent to many of the sedimentary deposits. Marked geochemical differences are observed between the Woodie Woodie hydrothermal deposits and the sedimentary deposits. Woodie Woodie deposits display higher Ba, U, Mo, As, Sn, Bi, Pb, S and Cu than the sedimentary deposits, reflecting the composition of the hydrothermal fluids. The Al₂O₃ values of the Ripon Hills and Mt Cooke deposits are much higher than the Woodie Woodie deposits, reflecting the composition of the dominant host rock, as Al₂O₃ is typically <5 wt% in the Carawine Dolomite, but is >10 wt% in basal shale units of the Manganese Group. Highly variable Mn:Fe ratios (?5:1) in the hydrothermal manganese at Woodie Woodie reflects rapid deposition of Mn in and around fault zones. In contrast, slower accumulation of Mn oxides on and within the seafloor to form the large sedimentary deposits results in Mn:Fe ratios closer to 1:1 and elevated Co + Ni and REE values.     

辽西兰家沟钼矿区成矿构造、岩浆演化及成矿作用

根据兰家沟钼矿区控矿旋卷构造特征、燕山期花岗岩体的岩石化学特征、稀土元素特征和成矿元素含量,讨论了该矿区形成的地质构造条件和岩浆演化分异作用在钼矿床形成过程中的成矿作用和找矿前景。     

构造形成序列的砂箱实验研究──以黄骅盆地中区新生代构造为例

按照黄骅盆地中区典型构造剖面设计砂箱实验模型,实验结果表明,通过砂箱实验可以有效重现构造形成的过程和序列,黄骅盆地中区新生代构造形成序列是：歧东构造带、歧中构造带、自东构造带、新港断层带,在同一构造带中断层形成的总体顺序是北倾断层略早于南倾断层。     

稀土钙钛矿型LaMnO3+λ系列化合物的结构计算与分析

在不同氧分压下合成了LaMnO3 λ、系列化合物,用XRD法进行了结构测定与分析,用化学滴定法测定了Mn^4 含量,由测定结果计算晶胞参数,LaMnO3 λ中系数λ值和La^3 空位率。