横波各向异性在裂缝和应力分析中的应用

针对裂缝性和低孔低渗地层的横波各向异性特征,反演得到横波各向异性参数,研究了裂缝的发育程度、方位和有效性,并对低孔低渗地层的应力场分布状态和方位进行了综合评价;通过对反演得到的快、慢弯曲波形进行频散分析以及计算单极横波各向异性大小,确定了引起横波各向异性的原因,并结合常规测井资料、岩心及FMI成像资料对分析结果进行了验证和对比,最后对研究区8口典型井的横波各向异性进行了综合处理和评价,得到了该区的横波各向异性特征以及和总的应力场走向.结果表明,利用横波的各向异性参数可以有效的评价裂缝的发育程度、走向及有效性,并能准确的确定地应力分布状态和最大水平应力方位.     

活动支座摩擦作用对连续梁桥固定支座剪力的影响

目前认为活动支座摩擦作用对连续梁固定支座剪力起有利的降低作用,抗震分析时一般忽略活动支座摩擦作用的影响。为了研究连续梁桥活动支座摩擦作用对固定支座剪力地震反应的影响,建立了考虑活动支座摩擦作用的连续梁桥抗震分析有限元模型,计算了各种情况下的固定支座剪力。研究发现,活动支座摩擦作用并不是在任何情况下都是有利的,根据分析结果给出了需要考虑活动支座摩擦力的情况,提出固定支座剪力简化计算公式需要综合考虑结构的自振特性及场地反应谱的影响。     

利用Himawari-8高频次监测太湖蓝藻水华动态

新一代静止气象卫星Himawari-8以其10 min/次的高观测频次,为连续动态监测蓝藻水华提供了有力的数据支持.基于太湖实地光谱测量资料,提出Himawari-8卫星资料太湖蓝藻水华动态监测方法.以2015年10月2日蓝藻水华发生过程为例,利用连续、多时次Himawari-8资料,动态监测了太湖蓝藻水华的发展变化,分析蓝藻水华的出现、发展和消失,计算蓝藻水华强度的动态变化,认识蓝藻水华程度及变化特征,估算蓝藻水华的动态变化速度.上述分析为研究蓝藻水华的生长消亡过程提供了支持.进一步探讨蓝藻水华动态变化与气象要素的关系,发现在相同的温湿条件下,风场对蓝藻水华的形成、运动和消失有直接的驱动作用.     

Investigation of upper crust anisotropy in Ghaen-Birjand region, east-central Iran

IntroductionWhenpropagatingthroughananisotropicmedium,ashearwavesplitsintotwo(quasi)shearwaveswithdifferentpropagationspeedsandpolarizedorthogonally.Owingtotherecentdevel-opmentofseismicobservationsystem,detectionofshearwavessplittingwithverysmalldelaytimesbetweenfasterandslowershearwavesbecameavailableandprovidedpowerfulapproachfordetectionofcrustalanisotropy.Crampin(1978)emphasizedtheroleofalignedmicrocracksasacauseofcrustalanisotropyandpointedoutthatforverticallyalignedmicrocracksthedirecti…     

Research on wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure

The wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure, Expo Boulevard, are evaluated in this study. To obtain the wind pressure distribution on the roof surface, a wind tunnel test is performed. A brief analysis of wind pressure on the membrane roof is conducted first and then an analysis of the wind-induced responses of the structure is carried out using a numerical integral method in the time domain. In the process of calculation, the geometrical nonlinearity is taken into account. Results indicate that mean, RSM and peak values of the structure responses increase nonlinearly while the approaching flow velocity increases. Strong nonlinear characteristics are observed in the displacement responses, whereas the responses of nodal stress and cable axial force show minimal nonlinear properties when the membrane structure is subjected to wind loads. Different values of the damping ratio only have a minimal impact on the RSM response of the structure because the background component is a dominant part of the total dynamic response and the resonant component is too small. As the damping ratio increases from 0.02 to 0.05, the RMS responses of vertical displacement, nodal stress and cable axial force decrease by 8.1%, 6.7% and 17.9%, respectively. Since the mean component plays a significant role in the wind-induced response, the values of the gust response factor are not high for Expo Boulevard.     

霍山皖33井水位与"霍山窗"小震活动关系的初步研究

分析了霍山皖33井水位变化与"霍山窗"地震活动的关系:首先采用差分法和从属函数等方法对水位数据进行处理,提取了水位的短期异常,结果表明该井水位异常对霍山以及周边地区的中小地震有较好的反映;其次,通过对该井水位与"霍山窗"小震活动性的对比研究,发现该地区小地震在水位低值时活跃.参考该地区的环境剪应力,我们认为霍山皖33井...     

小剪跨比格构式混凝土墙体抗震性能试验

文章旨在研究不同剪跨比的格构式混凝土墙体抗震性能.将生产车间预制成EPS保温模块拼接成墙体模板,在横向和纵向孔洞中分别布置钢筋,然后在孔内浇筑自密实混凝土,形成“EPS新型节能”格构式混凝土墙体,然后对6个参数不同的试件进行低周反复水平荷载作用的试验.结果,墙体破坏形态为:首先墙体相邻格构柱间的连梁出现环状裂缝和“X”...     

(ϖμ/ϖT) P of the lower mantle

We estimate (/T) _P of the lower mantle at seismic frequencies using two distinct approaches by combining ambient laboratory measurements on lower mantle minerals with seismic data. In the first approach, an upper bound is estimated for |(/T) _P | by comparing the shear modulus () profile of PREM with laboratory room-temperature data of extrapolated to high pressures. The second approach employs a seismic tomography constraint ( lnV _S / lnV _P ) _P =1.8–2, which directly relates (/T) _P with (K _S /T) _P . An average (K _S /T) _P can be obtained by comparing the well-established room-temperature compression data for lower mantle minerals with theK _S profile of PREM along several possible adiabats. Both (K _S /T) and (/T) depend on silicon content [or (Mg+Fe)/Sil of the model. For various compositions, the two approaches predict rather distinct (/T) _P vs. (K _S /T) _P curves, which intersect at a composition similar to pyrolite with (/T) _P =–0.02 to –0.035 and (K _S /T) _P =–0.015 to –0.020 GPa/K. The pure perovskite model, on the other hand, yields grossly inconsistent results using the two approaches. We conclude that both vertical and lateral variations in seismic velocities are consistent with variation due to pressure, temperature, and phase transformations of a uniform composition. Additional physical properties of a pyrolite lower mantle are further predicted. Lateral temperature variations are predicted to be about 100–250 K, and the ratio of ( lnp/ lnV _S ) _P around 0.13 and 0.26. All of these parameters increase slightly with depth if the ratio of ( lnV _S / lnV _P ) _P remains constant throughout the lower mantle. These predicted values are in excellent agreement with geodynamic analyses, in which the ratios ( ln / lnV _S ) _P and ( / lnV _S ) _P are free parameters arbitrarily adjusted to fit the tomography and geoid data.     

冻融循环作用下木质素磺酸钙改良黄土的力学特性研究

木质素磺酸钙作为一种绿色环保的改良材料,近年来被应用于土体加固领域。为探究木质素磺酸钙对黄土的固化效果,通过开展侧限浸水压缩试验、冻融循环试验、不固结不排水三轴剪切试验、扫描电镜试验和X射线衍射试验,分析冻融循环次数、掺量和围压对木质素磺酸钙改良黄土力学性质和微观机理的影响规律。研究结果表明：掺入木质素磺酸钙,可有效消除黄土的湿陷性。此外,改良黄土的应力-应变曲线随木质素磺酸钙掺量的增加向一般硬化型转变,而随着冻融循环次数的增加,应力-应变曲线向弱硬化型转变。改良黄土的破坏强度随木质素磺酸钙掺量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,木质素磺酸钙掺量为1%时破坏强度最高,各掺量改良黄土随冻融循环次数的增加先减小后趋于稳定,同时抗剪强度指标呈现下降的趋势。通过扫描电镜试验和X射线衍射试验,发现改良黄土内部有胶结物生成并填充了土颗粒间的孔隙,使土体密实度提高,进而提高土体强度;而冻融作用导致土颗粒的接触方式由面-面接触向点-点、点-面接触过渡。此外,木质素磺酸钙改良黄土中未发现有新的矿物成分生成,且冻融作用未造成土体矿物成分的消解。     

庐枞火山盆地深部岩石与成矿过程

黄铁矿-硬石膏-磁铁矿矿石为典型矿石的金属矿床产于长江中下游中生代火山盆地,庐枞火山岩盆地。丰富的铁矿和黄铁矿床,主要分布在火山岩和潜火山岩里,同时也分布于盆地周边。火山岩石主要是钾玄岩-粗安岩-粗面岩组合。在深部,与它们的成分对应的岩浆岩石是碱性辉长岩-辉石二长岩-正长岩组合,如缺口辉长岩,杨山地区的辉石正长岩。火山岩和深部的辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩都经历了多次水热活动。黄铁矿-硬石膏-磁铁矿矿床主要伴随两套蚀变,即,火山岩石的大面积深色蚀变(硬石膏-辉石-长石蚀变岩)和浅色蚀变(硅化泥化)。在二长-正长岩与火山岩石的接触带,有强烈的类云英岩石(电气石-石英-云母组合)。在缺口辉长岩里,曾经发现大量磁铁矿脉(磁铁矿-方柱石-方钠石-石榴石组合)。在杨山和马口地区,正长岩里的铁矿是辉石钾长石磁铁矿组合及阳起石-磷灰石-磁铁矿组合。二长-正长岩体在盆地里广泛分布,在大范围内是几乎是层状的。调查研究表明:火山盆地底部辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩组合与铁矿有关。盆地里深部岩石和成矿作用存在有垂直分布特性。上面是喷发岩石,及潜火山岩石,下面是深部的碱性辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩杂岩体。中间有过渡带,岩墙岩席带。上面是与钾玄岩-粗安岩层和潜火山岩石里赋存的磁铁矿和黄铁矿床,下面有产于碱性辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩里也有铁矿化。蚀变岩石地质年代的初步研究发现:罗河铁矿的深部钠长石化岩石,与马口铁矿附近的正长岩石的地质年代接近(110～119Ma)。事实说明,在火山岩和潜水火山岩石里成矿作用和深部岩浆岩里成矿作用可能是同时发生的。20～435℃条件下正长岩石与水的反应动力学实验表明,在400℃左右时正长岩最容易被溶解。正长岩与水反应后,也会形成一个携带金属的流体。水岩相互作用实验提供了认识深部岩石性质的依据,有利于理解对深部的地球物理探测结果。