用集集主震记录研究近断层强震记录的基线校正方法

从集集主震记录中选取有代表性的246个台站的记录作为数据集。在总结国内外基线校正方法的基础上,提出以下校正步骤:(1)初步判定记录中是否包含永久位移信息以便选用不同的校正方法。(2)以积分位移时程的末端平稳为标准,来确定积分速度时程末端拟合出的最优直线斜率作为校正量,去校正原始加速度时程,从而保留永久位移信息。永久位移等值线结果与GPS测量结果大体相符。根据校正结果推测认为:瞬变后保持或扩张或部分回弹,可能是决定永久位移形态的主要物理机制。     

Effects of hanging wall and forward directivity in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on inelastic displacement response of structures

The characteristics of the inelastic response of structures affected by hanging wall and forward directivity in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake are investigated. Inelastic displacement ratios (IDRs) for ground motions impacted by these near- field effects are evaluated and comprehensively compared to far-field ground motions. In addition, the inelastic displacement responses to hanging wall and footwall ground motions are compared. It is concluded that the inelastic displacement response is significantly affected in the short period range by hanging wall and in the long period range by footwall. Although high peak ground acceleration was observed at hanging wall stations, the IDRs for structures on hanging wall sites are only larger than footwall sites in the very long period range. Forward directivity effects result in larger IDRs for periods longer than about 0.5s. Adopting statistical relationships for IDRs established using far-field ground motions may lead to either overestimation or underestimation in the seismic evaluation of existing structures located in near-field regions, depending on their fundamental vibration periods.     

共轭剪切角的流变学意义

基于最大侧向位移速率假设(Maximum lateral displacement rate, 简称MLDR), 本文提出了一个关于共轭剪切角的流变学理论。根据这个假设, 无论是压应力或张应力作用在一个固体上, 剪切带总是沿着使得被剪切带分割的块体的侧向位移速率为最大的方向发育。换句话说, 如果平行于驱动应力的纵向位移速率或驱动应力的大小被看作为边界条件, 那些被剪开的块体总是以最快的可能速度从两侧挤出或饲入变形区。该理论的优点是:剪切位移的方向是可逆的。因此, 同一剪切带可以在挤压和拉张应力体系中活动。在各向同性固体中, 剪切带的方位和驱动应力方向之间的夹角θ由方程式 tan θ= 确定, 其中n为描述该固体塑性流动的幂指数。      

Revisiting the response of western North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity change to vertical wind shear in different directions

不同方向垂直风切变对热带气旋强度变化的影响存在明显差异,但对热带气旋无维强度变化的影响却差异较小.研究发现不同方向垂直风切变对无维强度变化的影响的细微差异与热带气旋周围的高层西风槽,倒槽,低层季风槽等天气系统配置有关.这一结果表明,在研究不同方向切变对热带气旋强度变化的影响时,除了下垫面热力作用外,还应考虑与切变相关的...     

Comparison of overflow simulations on different vertical grids using the Finite Element Ocean circulation Model

The Finite Element Ocean circulation Model (FEOM) is applied to study the sensitivity of density driven overflows to the vertical discretization and bottom topography representation using the dynamics of overflow mixing and entrainment (DOME) setup. FEOM allows for hybrid grids combining σ, z + σ, full cell, partly shaved cell and fully shaved cell grids within the same numerical kernel thus isolating as far as possible effects of mesh geometry from those of model numerics. The sensitivity of diapycnal mixing, entrainment, plume thickness and plume meridional distribution to vertical discretization and partly to the subgrid process parameterization is explored. It is shown that simulations on pure σ grids or the combination of z + σ resolve the overflow processes best in terms of downslope plume propagation, plume thickness and dilution, and also have the least resolution dependence. Grids using z-levels generate excessive spurious mixing when resolution is insufficient. Applying partial cells improves the plume representation, but still requires higher horizontal and vertical resolution to converge to the σ grid results. It is demonstrated that increasing lateral viscosity causes the plume thickness to reduce whereas increasing lateral diffusivity has opposite effect. When keeping the Prandtl number constant, the increase in diffusivity and viscosity leads to an increase in mixing and plume thickness on z-level grids and also on σ-grids when lateral dissipation is oriented along geopotential surfaces. Using the along σ- diffusion helped to obtain correct plume thickness and entrainment on σ grids. Increasing the vertical mixing coefficients leads to an increase in diapycnal mixing and in downslope penetration as well.     

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陕西中部地区跨断层垂直形变与水平应变相关性分析

利用陕西中部地区近年来跨断层垂直形变资料和由GPS结果给出的水平最大剪应变场资料, 对2005年度会商中提出的8处跨断层形变异常点位置, 插值拟合出其水平应变值, 并与垂直形变数据进行相关性分析发现, 临潼-长安断裂垂直形变和水平应变正相关显著; 口镇-关山断裂与华山山前断裂呈现负相关; 岐山-马召断裂北段正相关显著, 而中段与南段相关性差。 这可能是由于这些断裂以及各段受力情况不同造成的, 其中口镇-关山断裂东段和岐山-马召断裂北段近年来垂直运动幅度大活动强烈, 应加以特别关注。     

河西走廊东部西北气流型沙尘暴的大气物理特征分析

利用2006—2022年河西走廊东部常规高空地面观测资料、民勤探空站08时和20时间隔50 m高空加密观测资料,分析冬季和春季西北气流型沙尘暴气象要素时间、垂直结构变化及大气层结特征。结果表明:（1）研究区西北气流型沙尘暴出现在地气温度和温差最大、相对湿度最小、地面气压和风速陡增时,特别春季沙尘暴发生时风速大、地表干且近地层热力对流最强。（2）垂直结构特征是早干晚湿、风速随高度递增,风向先顺转后逆转,低层暖高层冷,而春季低层气温较高,垂直温度梯度增幅大,温度露点差大,冷暖空气强度强且交汇高度较低（1 km附近）,层结更不稳定,易发生沙尘暴。（3）位温随不稳定层结高度变化梯度较大时间春季为08时和冬季为20时,即沙尘暴春季出现早于冬季。春季20时和冬季08时不稳定高度厚而低,因而春季下午到夜间、冬季中午沙尘暴较强。（4）500 hPa冷平流中心强度(≥-34℃) 和西北急流(≥26m/s) 越强,对应700 hPa河西风速大于20 m/s及低层暖区范围越大,沙尘暴强度越强,持续时间越长。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛潮间带南极帽贝的种群生态学研究──夏季种群数量变化和垂直分布

于1994年12月—1995年3月（南极夏季）期间,对南极菲尔德斯半岛卵石滩、岩石滩潮间带南极帽贝的种群数量、垂直分布进行了定点、定时、定量的调查和观察。结果表明,南极帽贝的种群数量有明显下降,分别仅为起始数量的35％和52％。卵石滩潮间带的帽贝分布于中潮区及低潮区,尤其是低潮区,且有随季节（冬季来临）向潮下带移动的趋势。岩石滩潮间带的帽贝具有类似的垂直分布特征,但其在分布带上的发生频次有很大差异,呈波动状态。在垂直岩面上,帽贝数量在低潮区的底部更为集中。讨论了导致数量变化、垂直分布的可能原因。今后有必要深入研究种群数量的时空动态及其调控机理。