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11.
Reconstructing tsunami run-up from the characteristics of tsunami deposits on the Thai Andaman Coast
Tsunamis can leave deposits on the land surface they inundate. The characteristics of tsunami deposits can be used to calculate tsunami run-up height and velocity. This paper presents a reconstruction of tsunami run-up from tsunami deposit characteristics in a simple mathematical model. The model is modified and applied to reconstruct tsunami run-ups at Ao Kheuy beach and Khuk Khak beach, Phangnga province, Thailand. The input parameters are grain-size and maximum run-up distance of the sediment. The reconstructed run-up heights are 4.16–4.91 m at Ao Kheuy beach and 5.43–9.46 m at Khuk Khak beach. The estimated run-up velocities (maximum velocity) at the still water level are 12.78–19.21 m/s. In the area located 70–140 m inland to the end of run-up inundation, estimated mean run-up velocities decrease from approximately 1.93 m/s to 0 m/s. Reasonably good agreements are found between reconstructed and observed run-up heights. The tsunami run-up height and velocity can be used for risk assessment and coastal development programs in the tsunami affected area. The results show that the area from 0 to 140 m inland was flooded by high velocity run-ups and those run-up energies were dissipated mainly in this area. The area should be designated as either an area where settlement is not permitted or an area where effective protection is provided, for example with flood barriers or forest. 相似文献
12.
Computer flow simulations using the HEC-2 step-backwater routine are used to demonstrate the effect of systematically varying river channel width, riffle spacing and channel roughness on the shear velocity, section-mean velocity and energy slope in fixed-bed pool-riffle sequences. Initial scaling is obtained by utilizing published information on hydraulic parameters within reaches of the River Severn. Subsequently this restriction is relaxed and the effect of varying parameter combinations within realistic limits is explored. The purpose of this exercise is to isolate those scenarios which may preclude or promote the occurrence of a competence ‘reversal’, such that pools scour at high flow whilst deposition occurs on riffles. It is concluded that rivers in which pools are hydraulically rougher than riffles are likely to demonstrate a competence reversal. For prescribed conditions, the critical discharge at which a reversal occurs is a negative function of riffle spacing and riffle width relative to pool width. Downstream variation in hydraulic roughness also has implications for the phase relationship of shear velocity maxima and minima in relation to the extremes in pool-riffle topography. 相似文献
13.
乌恰地震加速度记录特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了1985年乌恰余震取得的加速度记录,从地质及地球物理的角度探讨一些加速度异常点。分析了记录的峰值加速度与震害及场地烈度的对应关系。对比了竖向和水平向加速度、速度反应谱及谱与震级的变化特征。 相似文献
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15.
运用CT技术中的傅利叶重建法,根据任意所给的两个初始速度模型,用几组平行射线束进行扫描,采集走时数据,并利用走时数据反演速度图象.反演结果与初始模型比较两者基本相符合。由此证明,傅利叶重建法在一定条件下可以用来反演地壳速度结构,并可得到较好的结果.这种方法是CT技术应用于地学研究的一种新的尝试. 相似文献
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本义利用1979-1981年中国科学院地球物理研究所在随县-马鞍山所做的人工源地震探测的资料,采用二维射线追踪来拟合地震波的走时和振幅,取得了该地带的地壳与上地慢速度结构.结果表明,该地带地壳厚度为32-37km,莫霍面起伏变化显著.地壳速度的横向变化甚为强烈,地壳中部存在低速层.在巢湖以西宽数10km的范围内,地壳结构与其它地方明显不同,上地壳速度明显偏高,莫霍面上隆并有间断;在其两侧,明显可见有两条深断裂.结合其它地球物理场特征及大地构造概况,对结果进行分析,认为郯庐构造带南段被两条深断裂所夹,构造带宽度可达数10km,并在地质历史时期曾有过地幔物质上涌. 相似文献
18.
丁梧秀 《地质灾害与环境保护》1995,6(2):37-41,53
工程岩体开挖后改变了原来的赋存条件与环境,沿硐壁岩体表面卸荷由于应力的重新调整,表现在波速上升的下降,即岩体性状发生变异。随着时间的增加,变异程度加大,而变异的速率却逐年下降,文章根据黄河上游某水电工程坝址平硐壁不同时间(几个同点位)弹性波速测量结果,拟合了波速年下降率D(%)与开挖一测定时间间隔N(a)的函数关系。并根据这种关系进行岩体波速的反算,求得了开挖时岩体的波速值,反映其本来的性状,对一 相似文献
19.
渭河断陷及邻近地区莫霍界面速度图象 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据陕西省及邻省地震台网的地震记录,利用地震及工矿爆破的首波走时,采用地震层析技术,重建了渭河断陷及邻近地区的莫霍界面速度图象。并对速度横向不均匀性及其与地质构造、地震活动的关系进行了探讨 相似文献
20.
Roberto Scarpa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1982,120(3):583-606
Jeffreys-Bullen P and PKP travel-time residuals observed at more than 50 seismic stations distributed along Italy and surrounding areas in the time interval 1962–1979, indicate the complex velocity pattern of this region. Strong lateral velocity inhomogeneities and low velocity zones are required to explain the observed pattern of residuals. In particular, late arrivals of about 1 sec are observed in the Apenninic mountain range, requiring both greater crustal thickness and low velocity layers, coherent with seismic refraction data and surface wave dispersion measurements. The seismic stations located in the Western and Eastern Alps indicate the presence of high velocities. In the Western Alps the strong azimuthal variation of residuals and the high values of early arrivals have a close relationship to the Ivrea body, an intrusive crustal complex characterized by a velocity as high as 7–7.2 km/sec.A travel-time inversion performed with theAki
et al. (1977) block model, confirms the peculiar characteristics and the sharp variations in the lithosphere of the whole Italian region, with values of velocity perturbations between many adjacent blocks, ranging in size from 50 to 100 km, and independent from the earth parametrization chosen, reaching values up to 10% in the lithospheric part and 5% in the asthenosphere. 3-D inversion requires also high velocity along the Tyrrhenian coastal margin, equivalent to an uprise of major crustal and lithospheric discontinuities along this part of the Italian peninsula. Moreover low velocity material must be present in the northern part of the Adriatic foreland, in the lithosphere-asthenosphere system, closely related to the stress and seismicity pattern, and the lateral bending of the lithosphere in the same region. 相似文献