2012年秋季白脊管藤壶在江苏如东互花米草盐沼向附着及分布

互花米草Spartina alterniflora自1979年引入至今,已在我国海岸带大范围扩张并对盐沼湿地生态系统产生了很大影响.本研究以附着生物藤壶为例,研究了互花米草扩张对附着生物的影响.通过对5个断面共28个样方的米草植株、附着藤壶以及藤壶在互花米草上的最大附着高度调查,获得结果如下:藤壶在互花米草滩上的附着范围位于潮沟两侧,且呈宽度约为5 m的带状分布;潮沟规模越大,其向陆方向的延伸范围越宽;每个站位藤壶附着的相对最大高度都位于同一水平.附着藤壶均为白脊管藤壶Fistulobalanus albicostatus,平均干重237±69g·m-2,大部分藤壶直径在2～10mm之间.互花米草的平均干重为981±81g·m-2,潮沟附近互花米草高壮但密度较小,远离潮沟互花米草矮小但密度较大.分析表明,互花米草为藤壶提供了附着基质,并影响藤壶在潮间带的平面分布格局(尽管藤壶的生态位保持不变).影响白脊管藤壶分布特征的原因主要是海水浸没时间的差异;负地形的浸没时间更有利于藤壶的附着和生存;另外潮沟较高的潮水流速除了利于白脊管藤壶幼体的附着外,还可以通过水流的涨、落为其带来充足的食物.     

Honey, I cooled the cods: Modelling the effect of temperature on the structure of Boreal/Arctic fish ecosystems

Historically colder regions of the North Atlantic had fisheries dominated by only a few fish species; principally cod and capelin. Possible population dynamic mechanisms that lead to such dominance are investigated by considering how a charmingly simple published multispecies model of the North Sea would react if the system operated at a lower temperature. The existing model equations were modified to describe temperature effects on growth, fecundity and recruitment and the model was rerun based on typical temperatures for the North Sea and a colder system. The results suggest that total fish biomass in the colder system increases but the community is more vulnerable to a given rate of fishing mortality. In the colder system, within species density dependence is reduced but relative predation rates are higher. Consequently, intermediate-sized species are vulnerable to relatively high levels of predation throughout their life history and tend to be excluded, leading to a system dominated by small and large species. The model helps to explain how temperature may govern coexistence and competitive exclusion in fish communities and accounts for the observed dominance of small and large species in Boreal/Arctic ecosystems.     

Numerical study on salinity stratification in the Pamlico River Estuary

The variations of current circulation, salt intrusion, and vertical stratification under different river flow and wind conditions in the Pamlico River Estuary (PRE) were investigated in this paper using a three-dimensional numerical model. The model was calibrated and verified against water level variation, temperature, and salinity variations during 2003 and 2001, respectively. Eight sensitivity tests were conducted with different river flow and wind conditions specified in the model. Model results show that salinity intruded further upstream under scenarios with low flow, downriver local wind, and remote-wind-caused water level set-up conditions. In contrast, the responses of salinity stratification to different environmental forcing functions were different in different portions of the estuary. Salinity stratification was enhanced under high flow condition at the lower part of the estuary, under upriver wind near the river mouth, under downriver wind at the upstream to middle portion of the estuary, and under remote-wind-caused water level set-up condition at the majority of the estuary except near the river mouth. Model results also show that across-channel wind tended to reduce salt intrusion and salinity stratification in the PRE through increased vertical mixing.     

2001年秋季风对坦帕湾盐度平衡的影响

利用三维高分辨率有限体积的近海海域模型FVCOM来分析2001年秋季期间风作用对坦帕湾区域盐度平衡的影响。为了区分风的影响,分别设计了两个实验：一个由潮汐和河流作为驱动,另一个由潮汐、河流以及风场共同驱动。结论如下：首先,风作用会使盐度产生变化,能够明显地使坦帕湾内的盐度增加,并导致水平和垂直方向上盐度梯度的减少;随后,本文分析了坦帕湾区域内的盐度平衡,主要的盐度平衡来自于全部（水平和垂直方向上）平流的盐度流量分歧以及除去海峡底部的垂直方向上盐度流量分歧;最后,对由风引起的盐度变化进一步进行分析,结果表明风作用不能改变盐度平衡地位的相对重要性,由风引起的盐度平衡改变高度依靠于特殊的地形,除此之外,全部平流盐度流量分歧和垂直散布盐度通量分歧能够抵消,并且两者都远大于水平散步盐度流量分歧。     

长江口外缺氧区沉积物中元素分布的氧化还原环境效应

对取自长江口外缺氧区及其邻近海域表层沉积物样品进行了粒度组成和元素(主要包括氧化还原敏感性元素和亲碎屑元素)丰度的分析与测试,对长江口外缺氧区缺氧环境对元素分布的影响进行了探讨,提出了长江口外缺氧区沉积物中氧化还原敏感性元素(Redox sensitive elements,简称RSE)分布的氧化还原环境效应。亲碎屑元素丰度的分布显示出明显的粒控效应,而氧化还原敏感元素的分布受粒度效应的制约很弱,主要受离岸缺氧区还原环境的制约,具有在缺氧区富集的特点。缺氧环境对RSE分布的影响超过了元素的粒控效应,从而使研究区RSE的分布呈现出典型的氧化还原环境效应。     

胜利海上油田分队计量研究

通过γ射线穿透油、气、水混合物后的透射和散射计数,经理论模拟计算,实现对原油含水率在线计量分析,测量含水率范围为３％－１００％,精度在２％以内。在实际应用过程中,运行稳定,易于操作,特别是修正了由于原油中含气地含水率测量带来的误差,技术和性能指标均已契过以往各种含水测量仪,通过应用,实现了海洋石油开发公司采油一、二分公司和油气集输大队的分队计量,使生产管理水平整体上了一个新台阶。     

厦门海域鱼类瘤槽科平槽属绦虫一新种

本文报道厦门海域软骨鱼灰星鲨（Mustelus griseus）感染的四叶目瘤槽科绦虫新种——厦门平槽绦虫Platybothrium xiamenensis sp.nov.，对新种形态特征进行了详细描述并与近似种作了比较.     

Elastic response of catamaran wetdeck to liquid impact

The impact of an elastic plate onto the compressible fluid without free surface deformation is considered. The ability of the liquid volume to be deformed is geometrically limited which leads to severe impact conditions. The present analysis is focused on the stresses in the plate and the hydrodynamic loads under the impact. The motivation for this research comes from ship hydrodynamics, where the hulls of a catamaran restrict the liquid outflow and the water impacts onto the wetdeck. The influence of the air on the impact process is investigated. The analysis did not reveal any great advantage of utilizing the air-cushion effect or ejection of air into the water near the impact region to prevent high stresses in the elastic plate. It was found that in the problem considered, the stress peaks far from the plate centre and the one-mode approximation does not provide correct information about the stress level.