省级气象业务宽带信息网络构建策略

根据目前省级气象部门业务发展需求,结合当地电信行业的发展状况,提出一种可持续发展的宽带网络构建方案.     

基于宽频大地电磁法的页岩气探测实践——以川西南沐川地区须家河组为例

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组陆相富有机质页岩较为发育,页岩连续厚度较大,含气性好,有望开辟四川盆地页岩气新区新层系。然而,复杂的人文干扰（城镇密集、人口众多）和较大的埋藏深度（2000~3000m）挑战了页岩气地球物理勘探的精度,这在很大程度上制约了川西南沐川地区三叠系须家河组页岩气的进一步勘探。本文在分析前人研究资料基础上,优选了川西南沐川地区须家河组作为新区新层系的探测目标,根据研究区地质情况,构建理论电性模型,通过正演模拟和“已知”钻孔标定方法试验,确定了宽频大地电磁法的适用性和有效性。进而在重点页岩气远景区部署一条宽频大地电磁剖面,通过数据处理分析,结合地质资料获得了研究区深部电性结构,认为研究区一带地层连续、完整,断裂不发育,具有稳定的地质结构,其中上三叠统须家河组发育较大厚度的富有机质页岩,可作为本区页岩气勘探的新区新层系,具有良好的页岩气、致密气资源前景。同时,证实了在3000m以浅页岩气探测方法中,宽频大地电磁法（BMT）可以有效地识别富有机质页岩规模和空间展布特征,是一种快速、经济、无损有效的页岩气探测方法,可以为页岩气勘探提供先导依据,同时也为同类地质情况页岩气探测提供应用示范。     

省级气象宽带网可靠性设计

气象业务的发展和社会需求的增长,对广域宽带网络系统提出更高要求,不但要求传输的数据量大,时效性强,而且要求其可靠性高。目前各省级气象局的宽带网可靠性设计,大都采用降级备份,无法做到双链路自动切换、无缝备份,难以满足气象业务7×24 h从不间断的实际需求,网络可靠性有待进一步提高。该文提出一种基于双向转发检测 (BFD) 和策略路由技术的网络可靠性设计方案,应用该方案不仅使网络结构和带宽有大幅提升,还能实现业务分流、链路冗余和故障自动切换,提高气象宽带网的可靠性水平。该方案经严格测试后,已依托广东省气象宽带网得以实现并投入业务运行,效果良好。同时,该设计对其他省级气象网络建设有一定参考价值。     

共线SPDC下剩余脉冲泵浦光滤光特性研究

从宽带脉冲泵浦光的光谱及滤光片的滤光特性参数出发,分析了自发参量下转换（SPDC）产生纠缠光源的系统中各类滤光片对剩余脉冲泵浦光的滤除效率。分析结果表明,适当组合不同类型的滤光片可以有效地滤除剩余脉冲泵浦光,并从实验上验证了分析结果的正确性。该研究为脉冲泵浦光条件下SPDC过程产生的纠缠光源的有效测量提供了理论指导和实验验证。     

干旱半干旱区太阳辐射特征

Climatic characteristics of broadband solar radiation （Rs） in Chinese arid and semi-arid areas are reported in this study. The annual average daily Rs in the arid and semi-arid areas is 16.3 ±5.77 and 15.3 ± 5.16 MJ m^-2 d^-1, respectively. The highest value （17.2 ± 5.84 MJ m^-2 d^-1） appears in an arid area at Linze. The lowest value appears in the semi-arid area of Ansai. Pronounced seasonal variation of Rs is observed with the highest value in summer and the lowest in winter. The clearness index showed similar seasonal pattern at most sites, with the minimum observed in the summer and the highest values in winter at both arid and semi-arid areas. The seasonal variation of the ratio of Rs to its extraterrestrial value Kt in the arid area is more significant than that observed in the semi-arid region, and it is caused by the different range of variation of water vapor between arid and semi-arid areas. The seasonal fluctuations in Rs and Kt are mainly controlled by the water vapor content in these areas. The aerosol particles have significant influence on Rs and Kt at stations with higher aerosol burden.     

江苏数字地震台网P波谱震级和地震辐射能的计算

基于江苏数字地震台网的宽频带记录,对38次M≥5.0地震的P波谱震级M_P进行测定,对地震的辐射能量进行了估算。结果表明:本文测定的M_P与中国地震台网中心(CENC)测定的MS、德国地学中心(GFZ)测定的MW具有很好的一致性,与该2种震级之间的平均偏差分别约为0.17和0.10级,基本小于世界主要地震机构之间对同一震级的测定误差(约0.2级);同时,基于M_P估算的地震辐射能与基于修正G-R关系由MS震级换算获得的结果十分接近,两者平均能量之比约为1.1,表明M_P与P波群(P+pP+sP)能量流是基本等效的。因此,基于宽频带数字记录测定中强地震的P波谱震级以及地震辐射能是可行的,且测定过程简便。     

Crust and upper mantle heterogeneities in the southwest Pacific from surface wave phase velocity analysis

Direct earthquake-to-station Rayleigh and Love wave data observed on high gain broadband records are analyzed in order to improve the lateral resolution of the uppermost mantle in the southwest Pacific region. We used data of nine permanent Geoscope and Iris stations located in the southern hemisphere and nine other stations as part of two temporary networks, the first one installed in New Caledonia and Vanuatu (hereafter named Cavascope network) by ORSTOM and the EOST from Louis Pasteur University in Strasbourg (France) and the second one installed in the Fiji, Tonga and Niue islands (hereafter named Spase network) by Washington University in St. Louis (USA). In order to collect more significant details on the surficial structures, we included the analysis of short period waves down to 8 s. A multiple frequency filtering technique has been used to recover phase velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves for selected earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5.5 and with known centroid moment tensor (CMT). About 1100 well-distributed seismograms have been processed in the period range 8–100 s and corrections for topography and water depth have been applied to the observed phase velocities. The geographical distribution of phase velocity anomalies have then been computed using the tomographic method developed by Montagner [Montagner, J.P., 1986a. Regional three-dimensional structures using long-period surface waves. Ann. Geophys. 4 (B3), 283–294]. Due to a poor knowledge of dense, well-distributed, crustal thickness values and corresponding velocity models, we did not perform or speculate on the construction of an S-wave 3D velocity model; therefore, we limited this study to the interpretation of the phase velocity distribution. The location of phase velocity anomalies are well determined and the deviations are discussed within the framework of the geological context and compared with other tomographic models. At long periods, from 40 s to 100 s, our results agree well with most of previous studies: the tomographic imaging shows a large contrast between low and high phase velocities along the Solomon, New Hebrides and Fiji–Tonga trenches. The lowest phase velocity anomalies are distributed beneath northern and southern Fiji basins and the Lau basin (corresponding to the volume situated just above the dipping slabs), whereas the highest values are displayed beneath the Pacific plate and the eastern part of Indian plate downgoing under the North Fiji basin. At shorter periods, our results show that the phase velocity distributions are well correlated with the large structural crustal domains. The use of local temporary broadband stations in the central part of the studied area gives us the opportunity to observe surface waves showing well-dispersed trains, allowing extended velocity measurements down to 8 s although aliasing due to multipaths become important. The continental regions (Eastern Australia, New Guinea, Fiji islands and New Zealand) show low velocities which are likely due to thick continental crust, whereas the Tasmanian, D'Entrecasteaux, and the Northern and Southern Fiji basins are characterized by higher velocities suggesting thinner oceanic crust. Additional analysis including the anisotropic case and S-wave velocity inversion with depth is in progress.     

肃南台水管倾斜仪试记资料的初步分析

对肃南台ＦＳＱ自记水管倾斜仪试记资料进行了分析,对建台后几个月的资料进行了处理,结果表明,其观测资料的内精度达到了现行观测规范的要求,记录的突跳异常与该台附近发生的几次中小地震有明显的对应关系,认为该台的是成功的,而且今后可能在甘肃西部祁连山中段的地震监测中发挥重要作用。     

M_(S(BB))、M、M_(S7)震级对比

选取2009—2015年内蒙古测震台网速报的46个M≥4.1地震,依据《地震震级的规定》(GB17740—2016)中关于量取地震宽频带面波震级M_(S(BB))的各项条款,重新量取M_(S(BB)),与中国地震台网中心编目结果产出的M震级和M_(S7)震级进行对比分析,结果显示:M_(S(BB))震级与M_(S7)震级的一致性较好。     

昆明地震台地面与井下地震观测背景噪声对比

对昆明地震台山洞内放置的宽频带地震仪BBVS-60及观测井内放置的GL-S60B深井宽频带地震仪所记录的资料,进行背景噪声对比分析,得到基岩地区地面及井下背景噪声干扰,为今后在云南地区推广井下观测提供参考依据。结果显示,在1—20 Hz频段内,井下台背景噪声RM_S值比地表台小,降噪效果UD向达30%以上,EW向达50%,NS向达60%。在100—30 s频带内噪声不降反升,原因有待进一步分析。