基于WEB的用户服务与信息发布分系统设计与实现

用户服务与信息发布分系统是地质勘查遥感系统的重要分系统之一。分系统主要面向地质调查和项目管理人员, 以层次化、组件式思想设计开发, 并充分考虑了系统的可扩展性。采用B/S模式, 通过WebGIS发布技术、卫星遥感产品多维可视化发布技术、基于工作流控制的WEB信息发布、客户服务等, 直接进行地图数据、海量遥感影像数据和专题产品数据的快速检索、显示和下载, 分系统在试运行中取得了良好的应用效果。      

能动断层和地表断层的概念及其调查

提出并研究了能动断层与地表断层这两个概念的形成与基本含意,强调了在实际核工程厂址选择时所必须进行的调查内容与要求,并进一步研究了能动断层的鉴别标准问题     

The importance of phytoplankton biomass as an ecosystem parameter in shallow bays of the Baltic I. Relationships between biomass and system characteristics

The importance of phytoplankton as a characteristic ecosystem component is closely connected with its position in the hierarchical ecosystem structure. Because of the relations to the levels below and above, phytoplankton biomass and composition integrate characteristic properties of the ecosystem. The information content of these parameters has been demonstrated for data from a tenyear-monitoringseries in the western branch of the Oder-estuary. Over all, phytoplankton species composition in coastal waters is closely correlated with salinity and temperature, biomass concentration first of all with the trophic level. Cyanobacterial blooms are attributable to physical processes and are not necessarily indicators for eutrophication.     

用斜率和曲率湿周法推求河道最小生态需水量的比较

从湿周-流量曲线临界点的两种不同确定准则入手,分析湿周法推求河道内最小生态需水量 (minimum ecological instream flow requirements, 简称MEIFR) 的不确定性。假设河道呈三角形断面和均匀流,得到湿周法的解析解表达式。表达式显示斜率法 (曲线上斜率为1) 和曲率法 (曲线上曲率最大) 二者所得的MEIFR结果迥异。当斜率法取斜率为0.39时,其相应的流量与曲率法结果一致。MEIFR对斜率临界值非常敏感,斜率法中的斜率临界值难以确定,相比而言,曲率法更可靠。这用近似具有三角形断面的南水北调西线一期工程调水区流域的实际数据得到证实。根据我们在该区实地观测和收集的6条河35个河道断面的水深和水宽资料,用解析解估算出各断面的MEIFR。曲率法所估算的MEIFR结果为多年平均流量的2.5%~23.7%,大部分数据落在Tennant法的10%~30%的范围。斜率法为11%~105.7%,普遍偏大,超过这个范围。虽然采用较小的斜率临界点可使斜率法的估算结果变小,然而到底斜率临界点应取何值存在较大的不确定性。这进一步说明,在无法获得一个确定的斜率临界值的情况下,湿周法估算MEIFR宜采用曲率法确定临界点。本文的结果基于理想情况,更普遍的结论有待于对更多种河道断面的探讨。     

Resourcesat-1 data quality evaluation system

In continuation of IRS-1C/1D mission, Resourcesat mission was planned for integrated land and water resource management. Resourcesat was launched on 17 October 2003. This satellite carries three multi-spectral cameras with variable swath and different spatial resolution. Data quality evaluation (DQE) system characterizes payload and platform performance and its impact on radiometric and geometric accuracies achieved on user product during initial and operational phase. DQE system is software system where each parameter package is integrated in DQE scheduler, which automates and facilitates the execution procedure.     

地理信息公共服务平台的用户分类及服务分类

地理信息技术的发展经历了集中式、模块化、组件化的过程,目前正向地理信息的Web服务方向发展。传统的集中式地理信息系统中,功能的分类决定了用户的分类;而在地理信息服务的架构中,用户的分类导致服务的分类及其与用户分类的映射。本文从地理信息服务的架构出发,分析并提出了面向服务的地理信息公共服务的用户群分类与对应的服务分类,为地理信息公共服务平台的构建和地理信息服务资源的有效组织和整合提供理论依据。     

水运工程多波束测深作业要求的研究

对水运工程多波束测深作业要求中一系列的技术问题进行了深入研究.以满足波束脚印无缝衔接和探寻水底目标物为约束,分别给出了测船最大限速的计算式.通过数值分析探讨了目前几种常用多波束仪器测线布设的理论宽深比和实际宽深比.对影响多波束测深精度的五个重要参数:横摇偏角、纵摇偏角、艏摇偏角、时延、声速剖面等分别做了详细介绍,并且给...     

The use of GPS for marine positioning in Germany—requirements,experience, and concepts

Abstract

While beginning to establish a German Civil GPS Information and Observation Service in 1990, the actual and (near) future GPS market in Germany was analyzed. In addition, the feasibility of using GPS for water authority tasks has been studied during past years. Typical capabilities in this area are real‐time positioning for hydrographic surveying (kinematic application) and precise transfer of levels to tide gauges and verification at offshore positions.

The article describes the user interests, the requirements, some of the test campaigns, and the derived concepts for future applications.     

Leaning on user-groups: The role of civil society in fisheries governance

Fisheries have long been managed through public–private partnerships based on collaboration between government and user-groups. The alleged benefits of involving the latter—as representatives of civil society—are a management system that is more flexible and legitimate than one based exclusively on top–down command and control. A question that is rarely addressed is whether civil society is up to the task. Are voluntary associations fit—‘technically’ and ‘democratically’—to take on management responsibilities? Assessing the pros and cons of involving civil society in fisheries governance requires a closer look at the role of user-groups in public policy-making. This paper attempts to do that by examining certain aspects of the Norwegian system of fisheries management, focusing—in particular—on the role of its most prominent civil society player: the Norwegian Fishers’ Association. The association has long been a privileged partner, virtually monopolizing the attention and goodwill of government. How has this been justified, and does it still serve its original purpose? As the fishery has changed, so—we contend—has the association: from something akin to a public interest group into what is essentially a ‘trade union’ pursuing the economic interests of its most powerful members. How and why did this change—in goals and priorities—come about, and is it tenable that this particular partnership continues? What lessons, if any, can be drawn from the Norwegian case about the pros and cons of user involvement, interactive governance and the role of civil society in fisheries management?     

典型岩溶断陷盆地农作物生态需水研究——以蒙自地区为例

从合理调控生态用水角度出发,探讨典型岩溶断陷盆地区农作物生态需水问题。根据蒙自断陷盆地的岩溶地貌特征,分别选取位于盆地、坡面和高原面的大洼子、朵古、牛耳坡3个观测点,利用Penman-Monteith公式、作物系数（FAO推荐）及同期有效降雨量,估算3个观测点2018年的参考蒸散量、生态需水量以及不同作物生长所需的人工灌溉水量。结果表明:（1）大洼子、朵古及牛耳坡的参考蒸散量分别为1 346.10 mm、1 200.00 mm、1 064.30 mm,远大于同期降水量,均呈现出蒸发旺盛的特点,加大了作物对于水分的需求;同时三者的参考蒸散量表现出较为明显的时空差异,使得3个观测点的农业种植条件存在差异;（2）大洼子种植的水稻、小麦、花生、油菜、大豆、马铃薯、葡萄等作物的生态需水定额均远大于大洼子同期的有效降水,在大洼子种植的作物均需要大量人工浇灌才能正常生长,而农作物的种植与其种植条件匹配度不高;（3）朵古及牛耳坡种植的玉米、万寿菊的生态需水定额与同期有效降水之间的差值较小甚至完全满足,表明玉米、万寿菊在高原山区的种植是与当地种植条件相匹配的;而种植在朵古及牛耳坡的苹果、烤烟的生态需水定额与同期有效降水之间的差值较大,表明在高原山区大量种植苹果及烤烟对于人工浇灌要求较高;（4）研究区大部分农作物在生长发育阶段内所需的水分主要依靠人工灌溉,与本地降水分布规律匹配度不高,区内农业结构与种植模式有待调整。在岩溶断陷盆地内要种植耗水较少,对热量要求较高的作物,山区则需要发展具有生态保护和经济效益的作物,但种植的重点区域仍是盆地区。