浅谈城市地下管线探测与精度评定

根据城市地下管线探测的内容和过程,介绍了城市地下管线探测的方法、精度指标与影响因素,分析了技术难点,提出了城市地下管线探测方法和精度评定方法。     

地下流体数字化观测条件和技术研究

在新疆现有仪器设备基础上，结合“九五”流体台网数字化技术改造要求，在不同观测点、不同观测条件下，利用不同方法对水温、压力、水氡、气氡、氦和断层土壤气氡等测项开展了多项对比观测实践验，找出 了稳定可靠、反应灵敏、信息量大、适用野外自动化观测的观测条件和方法。     

怎样分析地下水宏观异常

历次大地震前，地下水异常现象十分普遍，如何正确判断地下水宏观异常到底是地震前兆异常还是其他因素引起的异常，这对从事地震监测预报的人员来说十分重要。在总结多年工作经验的基础上，论述了怎样分析地下水宏观异常的问题，提出了在分析判断地下水宏观异常时值得注意的几个问题。     

察尔汁盐湖抽卤过程中晶间卤水氚含量变化趋势的研究

本文将氚的测定方法应用于察尔汗盐湖抽卤过程中晶间卤水氖含量变化趋势的研究，以多次的测试数据研究和探讨了大气降水、周边水、地下水对察尔汗盐湖晶间卤水的影响，特别是开渠后湖水对晶间卤水的影响，从水平和垂直两个面讨论察尔汗首采区晶间卤水氚含量的变化规律。     

地下水中逸出氡和溶解氡微动态特征的对比研究

本文从大量的实际观测资料及多次震例资料出发，深入研究了逸出氡和溶解氡的微动态特征及其变化规律，研究结果表明，逸出氡对地壳岩石应力应变的反应程度比溶解氡更为灵敏。通过研究得出以下几点结论：（１）逸出氡和溶解氡和同动态变化均能反映地壳固体潮的变化特征；（２）逸出氡的潮汐变化更具有普遍性，并且其变化形态清晰完整；（３）逸出氡的前兆异常形态比溶解氡明显，异常幅度大，易于识别和辩认；（４）临震前逸出氡和溶解     

煤田火区遥感四层空间探测方法

煤层自燃是一个动态变化的过程,随着自燃向不同方向扩大或缩小,其热场随着燃烧过程而发生空间变化。本文在研究煤田煤层自燃现象及其火区灾害特征的基础上,基于宁夏汝箕沟地区的四层空间遥感探测试验,总结了不同平台遥感方法的探测效果,提出了利用遥感方法实现地下煤田火区监测的有效方法。     

我国地震地下流体数字化观测的现状

以2003年全国地震地下流体数字化的102个台站的251个测项的全年资料为基础，系统总结了全国数字化台站的分布、资料的质量、数字化资料和模拟资料的衔接情况等，并就目前我国地震地下流体数字化监测的现状和国内外的部分手段进行了对比分析，初步探讨了我国地震地下流体数字化监测中存在的问题。     

Prediction of surface blast patterns in limestone quarries using artificial neural networks

This paper is an application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the prediction of the geometry of surface blast patterns in limestone quarries. The built model uses 11 input parameters which affect the design of the pattern. These parameters are: formation dip, blasthole diameter, blasthole inclination, bench height, initiation system, specific gravity of the rock, compressive and tensile strength, Young's modulus, specific energy of the explosive and the average resulting fragmentation size. Detailed data from a previous investigation were used to train and verify the network and predict burden and spacing of a blast. The built model was used to conduct parametric studies to show the effect of blasthole diameter and bench height on pattern geometry.     

Responses of roof and pillars of underground coal mines to vibration induced by adjacent open-pit blasting

Investigations were carried out at seven underground coal mines in India to characterise the responses of roof and pillars of underground workings to the vibrations induced by adjacent open-pit blasting. The roof rocks of the selected underground instrumented panels were having RMR between 36.7 to 57. Monitoring of strata behaviour was carried out before and after blasts. Arrangements were made to mount the transducers of seismographs in roof and pillars to monitor the vibration. Attempts were made to monitor the vibration simultaneously, for a blast, in the pillar and at the junction of the roof or away from the junction in the gallery. 102 sets of such vibration data were recorded in the underground mines. It was observed that the roof of underground roadways vibrated with higher peak particle velocity (PPV) compared to pillars. The amplification of vibration in the roof compared to pillars, away from the junction, was 1.02 to 2.58 times whereas at the junctions, it was 2.04 to 5.57 times.     

Identifying environmental impacts of underground construction

Dewatering of the groundwater resource and associated reduced flow of surface water features are potential negative impacts when constructing underground facilities. Little work has been done to develop methods for the early detection of environmental impacts on water resources where major underground construction is being undertaken. Recognizing this, prior to construction of two rock tunnels in the southwestern USA, a 3-year preconstruction program was implemented to monitor over 100 wells, springs, and streams in the project area that might be affected. This preconstruction monitoring phase has established data for a hydrologic reference which indicates a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. This variability must be accounted for when trying to identify construction-related impacts. The project area was subdivided into areas of similar characteristics based on geologic and hydrologic features. Measurements from features within each unit were then normalized and aggregated to derive a single representative flow parameter. This representative flow was then correlated to precipitation and major stream flow records to allow for a method of estimating unimpacted flow and groundwater levels during and after construction. Application of this method proved useful in determining and enabling a quick response to construction-related impacts.