松辽盆地十屋油田营城组油气分布

应用试油与压裂测试分析法、流体组成成份分析法、生产动态分析法和物质平衡分析法对十屋油田营城组营Ⅰ、营Ⅱ、营Ⅲ和营Ⅴ油层组的油气分布进行了精细研究。结果表明, 气层发育在十屋逆断层的北部地区, 分布在八屋断裂的两侧; 营Ⅰ和营Ⅱ油层发育在十屋逆断层北部D3和B7井区; 营Ⅲ和营Ⅴ油层发育于十屋油田东部, 十屋逆断层两侧的A24、A25、A16及A11井区; 油气同层只在南部和北部的少数井区分布。     

上扬子盆地西南缘上组合气藏成藏过程分析

通过对代表上扬子盆地西南缘上组合气藏特征的平落坝、白马庙和观音寺3个典型气藏进行解剖,明确了中侏罗统沙溪庙组天然气分布特征。结合输导体系、流体包裹体成藏期次和构造演化研究成果,分析了气藏成藏过程,总结其成藏模式,以期为有利勘探目标区的选择及评价提供地质依据。上扬子盆地西南缘沙溪庙组气藏以构造-岩性和岩性气藏为主,天然气主要分布在沙溪庙组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ段,主要聚集于构造高点。油气成藏时间集中在93～72 Ma,发生过至少2幕油气充注。燕山运动是气藏形成的主要时期,其形成的断层是沟通气源的主要通道;喜山运动是气藏天然气调整的主要时期,喜山期逆冲断层的活动及构造高点的迁移是天然气调整的主要原因。不同构造区域成藏具有差异性：西部褶皱带断-砂匹配、构造、砂体物性是主要控藏因素,构造高点、断层封闭性控制其含气丰度;东部斜坡带断-砂匹配、构造、封闭断层是主要控藏因素,构造高点、砂体物性控制其含气丰度。     

海上溢油量评估方法研究综述

近年来,国内外海上溢油污染事故的频发,使得全社会对海洋污染的关注不断升温。海上溢油量是评价海上溢油事故威胁程度和确定溢油事故等级的重要指标,也是污染赔偿追责的重要依据,同时对于现场溢油应急处置和科学决策也有重要作用。本文总结分析了目前主要的4种海上溢油量初步评估方法,包括质量平衡法、工艺流程法、现场观测法和数值模拟法。不同溢油量估算方法适用的溢油源和溢油方式各有不同,估算的溢油量也不尽相同。实际应用中,通常根据具体情况选择多种方法进行溢油量综合评估。本文从实际应用出发,探讨几种可用的溢油量评估方法,并结合案例进行说明。     

Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to northwestern Saskatchewan lakes east of the Athabasca oil sands

The past several decades have witnessed a significant expansion of mining activities in the Athabasca oil sands region, raising concerns about their impact on the surrounding boreal forest ecosystem. To better understand the extent to which distal sites are impacted by oil sands-derived airborne contaminants, we examine sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments and dated sediment cores from Saskatchewan lakes situated ∼100–220 km east–northeast of the main area of bitumen mining activities. The concentrations and fluxes of both parent and alkylated PAHs are low and show considerable variability over the past 70–100 years. Small yet discernible increases in PAH concentrations and fluxes occurred over the past 30 years, a trend which coincides with the rapid growth in bitumen production. However, several lines of evidence point to wildfires as the principal source of PAHs to these lakes: (1) the significant co-variations in most cores between retene (1-methyl-7-isopropyl phenanthrene) and other groups of parent and alkylated PAHs, (2) the similarity in compound specific δ¹³C signatures of the parent PAHs phenanthrene and pyrene in recently deposited surficial sediments and those corresponding to time intervals considerably pre-dating the large scale development of the oil sands and (3) the discernible up-core increases in the proportion of refractory carbon (i.e., char) in Rock-Eval 6 data. The collective evidence points to softwood combustion from boreal forest fires as the principal source of retene in sediments and the general increase in forest fire activity in this region over the past several decades as the source of refractory carbon. Mining activities associated with the Athabasca oil sands are thus not considered a major source of PAHs to these lakes.     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部直罗组有机质特征及与铀成矿关系

本文研究了鄂尔多斯盆地典型铀矿床的有机质与铀成矿的关系。探讨了煤屑的赋存状态、煤质特征及成熟度,认为煤屑的演化程度均较低,处于低成熟阶段,有利于对铀的吸附。总体上看煤质有机质和铀矿化关系密切,铀含量与煤屑含量呈正相关关系,对铀矿物为吸附态形式。通过对该区油气包裹体的研究认为,该区存在多期次的成岩方解石胶结过程,并伴随多期次的油气包裹体发育,尤以晚期的胶结方解石矿物中存在丰富的晚期油气包裹体。研究认为晚期可能发生过油、气的运移和聚集,铀矿床的形成与赋矿砂岩中有机流体或还原性气体的充注和络合作用密切相关,因而这些丰富的有机流体和还原性气体对于铀的富集沉淀具有重要意义。     

基于MODIS谱纹信息融合的海洋溢油检测方法

鉴于仅依赖光谱特征或纹理特征的传统溢油检测算法的信息检测精度较低的问题,本文提出了一种新的光学遥感数据的谱纹海面溢油检测方法。谱是光学遥感数据的油膜敏感波段图像,纹是利用灰度共生矩阵计算获得的图像纹理特征,将这些特征相结合,引入支持向量机方法（Support Vector Machine,SVM）,建立谱纹海面溢油检测模型。本文以2006年渤海溢油事故为例,利用中等分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS的光学遥感数据对溢油进行检测,MODIS的第2波段为油膜敏感波段,所以,第2波段图像即为选取的谱特征,经过对各个纹理特征的分析得到,均值、对比和相关3个特征量可作为溢油提取的纹理特征。检测结果的总体精度达91.23%。试验结果表明,将MODIS图像的光谱特征和纹理特征相结合,可有效地对渤海海洋油膜信息进行检测,并具有很强的抑制噪声能力。     

Coupled finite‐element simulation of injection well testing in unconsolidated oil sands reservoir

This paper presents a finite‐element (FE) model for simulating injection well testing in unconsolidated oil sands reservoir. In injection well testing, the bottom‐hole pressure (BHP) is monitored during the injection and shut‐in period. The flow characteristics of a reservoir can be determined from transient BHP data using conventional reservoir or well‐testing analysis. However, conventional reservoir or well‐testing analysis does not consider geomechanics coupling effects. This simplified assumption has limitations when applied to unconsolidated (uncemented) oil sands reservoirs because oil sands deform and dilate subjected to pressure variation. In addition, hydraulic fracturing may occur in unconsolidated oil sands when high water injection rate is used. This research is motivated in numerical modeling of injection well testing in unconsolidated oil sands reservoir considering the geomechanics coupling effects including hydraulic fracturing. To simulate the strong anisotropy in mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of unconsolidated oil sands induced by fluid injection in injection well testing, a nonlinear stress‐dependent poro‐elasto‐plastic constitutive model together with a strain‐induced anisotropic permeability model are formulated and implemented into a 3D FE simulator. The 3D FE model is used to history match the BHP response measured from an injection well in an oil sands reservoir. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wedge impact with the influence of ice

This work presents a canonical study on a wedge entering water near a single piece of ice using computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) and a Wagner-type theoretical model with corrections for non-linear effects. Calculations for a series of conditions with ice of different sizes and locations relative to the wedge are conducted. The hydrodynamic force due to impact, the pressure distribution on the wedge surface, and the pile-up phenomenon are examined to study the role of ice in the impact process. The theoretical model is shown to be accurate and can serve as a useful method to assess slamming loads under the influence of ice. It is shown that even for the case of a small piece of ice, the slamming force on the wedge can increase by 30%.     

中国稠油油田开发趋向

我国稠油资源非常丰富,在东部和西部几个大油区均有分布,而且储量很大。近年来由于热采等先进技术的应用,使稠油开采得以发展,呈现出良好的前景。