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51.
针对河渠间潜水的一维非稳定运动,考虑了补给强度的时变性,根据Boussinesq方程的第一线性化方法,应用Duhamel原理得到了方程的解析解,进一步得出补给强度为指数函数和三角函数的潜水位计算公式。通过算例分析补给强度指数增加、指数衰减和正弦函数变化条件下潜水面的变化特征,指数增加条件下潜水位单调增加,分水岭从高水位一侧向河间地块中部移动;指数衰减条件下潜水位先增大,后减小,具有一个峰值,分水岭先从高水位一侧向河间地块中部移动,之后随补给强度减弱返回到高水位河渠;正弦函数变化条件下潜水位表现出周期性起伏变化,且水位对补给的响应具有明显的时滞性,分水岭在高水位河渠与河间地块中部之间往复移动。研究结果可为量化分析地下水系统对气候变化的响应以及地表水地下水转化规律等问题提供理论依据。 相似文献
52.
Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen Morten Pejrup Jens Valeur Anders Jensen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1994,38(6)
Gross sedimentation rates (GSR) have been measured using sediment traps placed at nine different levels above the bed (0·3, 0·5, 0·8, 1·0, 2·0, 4·0, 6·0, 8·0 and 10·0 m). The sediment traps were deployed for 1·25 years and recovered 28 times during the study period. Low average GSR values of 5·5 g m-2 day-1 were obtained at 10·0 m, and high average GSR values of 114·8 g m-2 day-1 were obtained at 0·3 m. An expression for the eddy diffusion coefficient of suspended particulate matter (Ks), based on the measured GSR is given. The expression has been used for modelling of Ks at the different trap levels above the bed. High values (≈42 cm2 s-1) of Ks were obtained at the upper traps, whereas low values (≈2 cm2 s-1) were obtained near the bed. Comparison between level of turbulent energy in terms of shear stress at the boundaries of the water column, i.e. from the wind and the bed flow, showed that wind energy exceeded that of the bed flow by a factor 16. At 5·0 m Ks was positively correlated (r=0·66) to the eddy diffusion coefficient of momentum (Km) derived from the wind energy transfer to the water, giving an average β of 0·5 for Ks =βKm. The density difference between surface and bottom waters has been designated a parameter of stratification, and is discussed in relation to variations of Ks and Km . 相似文献
53.
T. Harinarayana B.P.K. Patro K. Veeraswamy C. Manoj K. Naganjaneyulu D.N. Murthy G. Virupakshi 《Tectonophysics》2007,445(1-2):66
Understanding deep continental structure and the seismotectonics of Deccan trap covered region has attained greater importance in recent years. For imaging the deep crustal structure, magnetotelluric (MT) investigations have been carried out along three long profiles viz. Guhagarh–Sangole (GS), Sangole–Partur (SP), Edlabad–Khandwa (EK) and one short profile along Nanasi–Mokhad (NM). The results of GS, SP and NM profiles show that the traps lie directly over high resistive basement with thin inter-trappean sediments, where large thickness of sediments, of the order of 1.5–2.0 km, has been delineated along EK profile across Narmada–Son–Lineament zone. The basement is intersected by faults/fractures, which are clearly delineated as narrow steep conducting features at a few locations. The conducting features delineated along SP profile are also seen from the results of aeromagnetic anomalies. Towards the southern part of the profile, these features are spatially correlated with Kurduwadi rift proposed earlier from gravity studies. Apart from the Kurduwadi rift extending to deep crustal levels, the present study indicates additional conductive features in the basement. The variation in the resistivity along GS profile can be attributed to crustal block structure in Koyna region. Similar block structure is also seen along NM profile.Deccan trap thickness, based on various geophysical methods, varies gradually from 1.8 km towards west to 0.3 km towards the east. While this is the general trend, a sharp variation in the thickness of trap is observed near Koyna. The resistivity of the trap is more (150–200 Ω m) towards the west as compared to the east (50–60 Ω m) indicating more compact or denser nature for the basalt towards west. The upper crust is highly resistive (5000–10,000 Ω m), and the lower crust is moderately resistive (500–1000 Ω m). In the present study, seismotectonics of the region is discussed based on the regional geoelectrical structure with lateral variation in the resistivity of the basement and presence of anomalous conductors in the crust. 相似文献
54.
A climatic-limnologic model of diatom succession for paleolimnological interpretation of varved sediments at Elk Lake,Minnesota 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Platt Bradbury 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1988,1(2):115-131
Sediment traps placed in the profundal region of Elk Lake, north central Minnesota during the 1979 spring and 1983–84 fall and spring seasons monitored seasonal diatom production for two climatically distinctive periods. The spring of 1979 was one of the coldest and wettest on record. Ice out at Elk Lake was 10 days later than average, and spring circulation was short. Fragilaria crotonensis dominated the late spring and early summer diatom production in association with Synedra and Cyclotella species, perhaps because rates of phosphorus supply were low compared to silica. The winter of 1983–84 was drier than usual, and the early but cold spring of 1984 caused ice out at Elk Lake to be about 1 week earlier than normal. Spring storms promoted a long and full circulation that allowed Stephanodiscus minulutus to bloom, presumably in response to increased phosphorus loading related to deep and vigorous circulation. The two dominant diatoms in Elk Lake, F. crotonensis and S. minutulus may reflect climatic patterns that control lake circulation. The climatically regulated occurrence of these diatoms is generally, but not specifically, comparable to their distribution in lake surface sediments throughout Minnesota. A combination of regional and lake-specific studies on the controls of diatom succession and distribution provides climatic insights for interpreting paleolimnogical records of diatoms. 相似文献
55.
坡折带对陆相湖盆岩性地层圈闭的发育具有控制作用。海拉尔盆地贝西斜坡具有坡折带地貌特点,研究其特征和成
因以及对沉积相和岩性地层圈闭的控制模式对该区的下步勘探具有重要意义。根据贝西斜坡坡折带的成因机制,将其划分
为断裂坡折、挠曲坡折、沉积坡折和侵蚀坡折。根据坡折带位置与洼槽区的关系,将贝西坡折带坡折分为:内坡折带、中
坡折带和外坡折带。外坡折带主要发育侵蚀坡折,控制着地层超覆圈闭带;中坡折带主要发育断裂坡折和挠曲坡折,控制
着断块-岩性复合圈闭带;内坡折带主要发育沉积坡折,控制着透镜状岩性圈闭带。 相似文献
56.
57.
地下水的分布对斜坡(滑坡)稳定性评价和治理有着重要的影响,且其影响因素较多,目前,对于下伏不规则隔水地质界面上斜坡的稳态浸润线还没有可用的解析解,特别是已知斜坡(滑坡)体上具有已知水位的情况下,准确确定已知水位之间坡体的浸润线对斜坡(滑坡)稳定性评价有重要作用,因此,下伏不规则隔水地质界面上斜坡的稳态浸润线研究是很有必要的。本文采用自由表面流的简化,推导了下伏隔水地质界面上均质土体的单宽含水层流量表达式,依据基床倾角把均质含水层流量表达式(Boussinesq方程式)分为两种:顺坡和逆坡。依据两种Boussinesq方程式,利用流体连续性原理,得到了下伏不规则隔水地质界面上均质土体的稳态浸润线方程和流量,通过与数值模拟(Autobank有限元程序)结果对比可知,本文的解析解与有限元数值模拟(Autobank有限元程序)的稳态浸润线和通过的流量基本一致。由于采用了Dupuit近似,本文的解析解与数值解存在一定的误差,顺坡的误差大于逆坡,坡度较大的误差大于坡度较小的误差,庆幸的是该近似产生的误差很小,总体来说,该稳态浸润线解析方法是可靠、稳定和合理的。 相似文献
58.
Two controlled flow events were generated by releasing water from a reservoir into the Olewiger Bach, located near Trier, Germany. This controlled release of near bank‐full flows allowed an investigation of the fine sediment (<63 µm) mobilized from channel storage. Both a winter (November) and a summer (June) release event were generated, each having very different antecedent flow conditions. The characteristics of the release hydrographs and the associated sediment transport indicated a reverse hysteresis with more mass, but smaller grain sizes, moving on the falling limb. Fine sediment stored to a depth of 10 cm in the gravels decreased following the release events, indicating the dynamic nature and importance of channel‐stored sediments as source materials during high flow events. Sediment traps, filled with clean natural gravel, were buried in riffles before the release of the reservoir water and the total mass of fine sediment collected by the traps was measured following the events. Twice the mass of fine sediment was retained by the gravel traps compared with the natural gravels, which may be due to their altered porosity. Although the amount of fine sediment collected by the traps was not significantly related to measures of gravel structure, it was found to be significantly correlated to measures of local flow velocity and Froude number. A portion of the traps were fitted with lids to restrict surface exchange of water and sediment. These collected the highest amounts of event‐mobilized sediments, indicating that inter‐gravel lateral flows, not just surface infiltration of sediments, are important in replenishing and redistributing the channel‐stored fines. These findings regarding the magnitude and direction of fine sediment movement in gravel beds are significant in both a geomorphic and a biological context. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
59.
Sediments from stormdrain catchments and outlets in Wellington city and sediment traps from Wellington Harbour were sampled
for trace metal content. Samples were analysed for total metal content using XRF and ICP-MS. High values of Pb and Zn were
found in stormdrain catchments and outlets, decreasing to elevated background rock levels in the harbour. Maximum values were
recorded in an inner city stormdrain catchment, with levels of Pb (4605 ppm), Cu (2981 ppm) and Zn (3572 ppm) all higher than
the biological probable effects levels (PEL). Concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn concentrations in all harbour sediment
trap samples were below the PEL. The mean values for each harbour sediment trap sample can be used as an accurate historical
baseline in future studies. Stormdrain samples with high trace metal levels were close to industrial and construction sites.
The proximity of these outlets to recreational areas should be of concern to local authorities.
Received: 28 August 1997 · Accepted: 15 December 1997 相似文献
60.
自启动负压排水方法是一种新兴的间歇性波动排水方法,为对该方法的实现机理进行理论研究,建立了可供解析研究的负压排水模型。先引入狄拉克函数表述负压排水模型中点汇的数理特性,并对此模型推求出潜水剖面二维流运动方程及潜水面边界条件;再使用二维傅里叶正逆变换求解负压排水模型的定解问题,得到负压排水渗流场解析解。设置两种工况分别计算了自启动负压排水方法下数值模拟和理论解得到的边坡浸润线曲线,并进行了对比分析。结果表明:在不同排水孔位置工况的3组条件中,排水孔位置越深,理论解误差越大,其中排水孔位置为(24,10)时,靠近排水孔区域理论解与数值模拟结果误差最大;在排水孔位置固定、不同初始水头高度工况的3组条件中,左、右水头越高,理论解误差越大,其中左水头为28 m、右水头为8 m时,理论解与数值模拟结果误差最大。该自启动负压排水渗流场解析解在简化条件下的浸润线理论解与数值模拟结果吻合度较高。 相似文献