悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中痕量镓和铊

对固体悬浮液直接进样及石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定Ｇａ和Ｔｌ进行了研究，拟定了以琼脂为悬浮剂，Ｎｉ（对Ｇａ）和Ｖ（对Ｔｌ）为基体改进剂，标准溶液进行校准的、灵敏、快速、准确测定Ｇａ和Ｔｌ的方法。在选定条件下，测得Ｇａ和Ｔｌ的特征量（１％吸收）分别为２．８×１０￣（－１１）ｇ和４．４×１０￣（－１１）ｇ，检出限（３σ）分别为２４ｐｇ和２８ｐｇ，相对标准偏差分别为６．３％（含Ｇａ６．４ｇ／ｇ，ｎ＝１１）和４．８％（含Ｔｌ１．０ｇ／ｇ，ｎ＝１３）。方法适用于地质样品中低至０．１ｇ／ｇＧａ和Ｔｌ的测定。     

石墨炉蒸发硫化铝双原子分子吸收光谱法测定硫

介绍了以空心阴极灯代替连续光源，确定了硫化铝双原子分子吸收光谱法测硫的最佳条件，方法的灵敏度（０．００４４Ａ）为３×１０￣（－９）ｇＳ，测定含Ｓ１０ｇ／ｍｌ试样１０次，其ＲＳＤ为３．３％，标准加入回收率在９９％～１０４％之间。用所拟方法测定了大气硫酸盐化速率，结果与比色法符合。     

内蒙古白乃庙金矿床石英脉中绢云母可见光光谱特征及其地质意义

以简单、经济的可见光吸收光谱方法研究了绢云母可见光光谱特征,结果表明含矿石英脉中绢云母可见光光谱在650~700nm之间透射率高,并总结了透射率与Fe含量和寄主脉金品位之间的关系。·     

微波炉消解原子吸收法测定铜精矿中多元素

研究了用微波炉消解铜精矿,原子吸收光谱测定其中As、Pb、Zn、As、Sb和Hg的方法。讨论了消解体系的选择和微波炉消解程序。样品经HNO_3-HCl一次消解便可连续测定6个元素,方法简便快速,与国标方法进行了比较,结果一致。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中的痕量铂、钯

本文提出了用717阴离子交换树脂富集铂、钯的石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析方法。对富集铂、钯的条件,共存离子的干扰情况以及在GF-2000型石墨炉中测定铂、钯的最佳条件进行了研究。样品用王水分解后,在10％的王水介质中,用717阴离子交换树脂富集铂、钯,以热的硫脲溶液解脱,在拟定的工作条件下,于石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪上进行测定,大量的共存离子不干扰测定。方法简便快速,检出限分别为Pt8.8×10~(-9)g/ml,Pd3.4×10~(-9)g/ml,方法的相对标准偏差分别为Pt7.09％Pd11.48％,适用于地质样品中铂、钯的测定,结果令人满意。     

双最大吸收波长光度法测定天然水中的银

在乙酸介质中,银(Ag~+)亚铁氰化钾—邻菲啰啉反应有催化作用,体系由红色渐变为蓝绿色。据此,本文依据稳定悬浮体系光学吸收性质、研究双最大吸收波长以测定银的新方法。该方法将红色褪色和绿色生色双定量联系起来,分析灵敏度比单波长法提高1倍,而且操作较简单,精密度较高,计算曲线稳定,适合于天然水和部分较洁净污水中Ag的分析。     

用潮汐重力仪探测引力吸收效应的可能性

用潮汐重力仪探测引力吸收效应的工作始于本世纪150年代,但至今仍然没有得到证实。一个可能的原因是引力吸收效应比理论预言值小得多。究竟情况如何,还有待更精密的实验。本文首先推导出了引力吸收效应方程及引力定律,结果与Harrison(1963)给出的一致;然后就如下几种情况对用潮汐重力仪探测引力吸收效应的可能性进行了探讨: 1) 利用地球作屏蔽;2) 利用月球作屏蔽;3).利用太阳作屏蔽;4) 利用人造地球卫星的摄动。     

Multiple scattering and energy transfer of seismic waves—Separation of scattering effect from intrinsic attenuation II. Application of the theory to Hindu Kush region

In order to separate the scattering effect from intrinsic attenuation, we need a multiple scattering model for seismic wave propagation in random heterogeneous media. In paper I (Wu, 1985), radiative transfer theory is applied to seismic wave propagation and the energy density distribution (or the average intensity) in space for a point source is formulated in the frequency domain. It is possible to separate the scattering effect and the absorption based on the measured energy density distribution curves. In this paper, the data from digital recordings in the Hindu Kush region are used as an example of application of the theory. We also discuss two approximate solutions of coda envelope in the time domain: the single scattering approximation and the diffusion approximation and discuss the relation with the frequency domain solution. We point out that in only two cases can the apparent attenuation be expressed as an exponential decay form. One is thedark medium case, i.e., whenB ₀0.5, whereB ₀ = _s /( _s + _a ) is the seismic albedo, _s is the scattering coefficient, _a is the absorption coefficient. In this case the absorption is dominant, the apparent attenuationb can be approximated by the coherent wave attenuationb = _s + _a . The other case is thediffuse scattering regime, i.e., whenB ₀0.5 (bright medium) andRL _s ,t _s , whereR andt are the propagation distance and lapse time,L _s and _s are the scattering lengths (mean free path) and scattering time (mean free time), respectively. However, in this case the envelope decays with a rate close to the intrinsic attenuation, while the intensity decreases with distance with a coefficientb d ₀( _s + _a ) d _{s s} , whered ₀ andd _s are the diffusion multipliers (0<d ₀,d _s <1).For the Hindu Kush region, by comparing the theory with data from two digital stations of 53 events distributed up to depths of 350 km, we find that the scattering is not the dominant factor for the measured apparent attenuation ofS waves in the frequency range 2–20 Hz. From the observation on high frequency (f>20 Hz) seismograms, we suggest the existence of a stron-scattering surface layer with fine scale heterogeneities in the crust, at least for this region.     

Optical measurement in the middle atmosphere

The various measurement techniques and general problems in remote orin situ optical measurement of atmospheric minor gases are described.