碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮萃取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法连续测定地球化学样品中痕量银镉铊

研究了碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮（KI—MIBK）萃取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法连续测定地球化学样品中痕量银、镉和铊的主要条件。通过对火焰原子吸收分光光度计气路控制系统及雾化器的改进，较大地改善了萃取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定银、镉和铊的稳定性和灵敏度。选择萃取酸度为1．2mol／L HCl、水相和有机相体积配比为3：1～4：1，方法精密度（RSD，n=12）为Ag4．5％～9．6％、Cd1．5％～7．9％、T14．5％～5．4％，检出限（3s）为Ag0．004μg/g、Cd0．007μg／g、T10．011μg/g，符合多目标地球化学调查样品测试及质量监控要求。用国家一级标准物质和密码组合标准物质进行验证，测试结果令人满意。     

13X沸石处理含赖氨酸废水的实验研究

用合成的13X沸石对废水中氨基酸(赖氨酸)进行静态吸附实验,研究了pH、温度、吸附时间、沸石用量等对吸附率的影响,结果表明,室温下沸石对赖氨酸的吸附平衡时间为30min,pH=pKa1=2.2时,赖氨酸在沸石上的吸附效果最好,吸附率大于82%,饱和吸附量达51.73mg.g-1。吸附等温线近似呈直线型,表明离子交换机制是沸石吸附氨基酸的主要方式。对已饱和吸附的沸石用饱和氯化钠溶液进行再生实验,赖氨酸的解吸率大于95%,沸石可重复使用。实验研究表明可用13X分子筛处理含氨基酸废水,为实际处理含氨基酸废水提供了可行性依据。     

吸附卡钻的预防与处理

吸附卡钻事故与钻井液关系最为密切。实践证明，在大多数情况下，吸附卡钻是可以预防的：即调节好钻进液性能、降低泥饼的粘滞系数，减少钻具与井壁的接触面积。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血液中微量铅

研究了石墨炉测定血液中微量铅的适宜条件,用氘灯校正背景,磷酸二氢铵作基体改进剂,方法具有准确、快速、简便等优点,用于扬州妇幼保健院实际样品的测定,结果预示我们的环境不容忽视,血液中铅含量能够比较真实地反映生物个体受到的污染程度。     

Phytoplankton absorption spectra along the water column in deep North Patagonian Andean lakes (Argentina)

During a summer period we studied the vertical variation of in vivo and chlorophyll a specific phytoplankton absorption spectra in relation to the underwater light climate of ten deep North Patagonian Andean lakes of Argentina. The lakes were thermally stratified, and the underwater light climate was characterized by extended euphotic zones which included highly illuminated epilimnetic layers (both UVR and PAR) and metalimnia exposed to dim blue-green light. Most of the lakes presented the development of Deep Chlorophyll Maxima (DCM) at the metalimnetic layers, near 1% of surface PAR irradiance. Analyzing the fourth-derivative plots of in vivo phytoplankton absorption spectra [d^IVa_ph(λ)], we were able to identify several maxima absorption values attributed to different pigments. Considering lakes with DCM, a significant positive linear relationship was found between d^IVa_ph (495–500 nm) normalized by chlorophyll a and downward irradiance. Indeed, a negative significant relationship was found between d^IVa_ph (495–500 nm) normalized by chlorophyll a and diffuse PAR attenuation coefficients. These results point out an increase in the relative concentration of different carotenoids at surface layers indicating the role of photoprotection of these pigments. On the other hand, significant negative linear relationships were found between fourth-derivative spectra normalized by chlorophyll a at 650, 590–595, 560–565 and 520–525 nm and downward irradiance. These results indicated an increase in the relative concentration of photosynthetic accessory pigments at deep layers of the euphotic zone. Furthermore, we found a decrease in depth of specific absorption spectra at 440, 670 nm and in the ratio a_ph* (440 nm) to a_ph* (670 nm). This pattern was associated with the package effect concept. The increase in relative photosynthetic accessory pigment concentrations and the decrease in values of specific absorption spectra at the bottom of the euphotic zone were attributed to changes in phytoplankton communities between surface and deep layers. These outcomes pointed out that the underwater light climate and temperature water structure are, like in marine systems, very important factors governing the distribution of phytoplanktonic organisms. In addition, the possession of specific photosynthetic accessory pigments suggests that dominant species in the DCM are well adapted to these dim blue-green light scenarios.     

Observations of the supernova remnants HB 9 and 1C 443 at 34.5MHz

We have observed the extended supernova remnants HB 9 (G 160.5 + 2.8) and IC 443 (G 189.1 + 2.9) at 34.5 MHz with a resolution of 26 arcmin × 40 arcmin. A map of HB 9 is presented. The integrated flux density of HB 9 at 34.5 MHz is 750 ± 150 Jy. The spectral index in the frequency range from 34.5 MHz to 2700 MHz is found to be constant (- 0.58 ± 0.06) without any spectral break such as was reported earlier by Willis (1973). There is no significant variation of the spectral index across the remnant. The integrated flux density of IC 443 at 34.5 MHz is 440 ± 88 Jy. The spectral index in the frequency range from 20 MHz to 10700 MHz is - 0.36 ± 0.04. The reduction in flux at very low frequencies (10 MHz) is attributable to free-free absorption in the interstellar medium and/or in the H II region S 249.     

甘肃公婆泉铜矿区植物地球化学特征

公婆泉铜矿区植被属荒漠植被类型,主要产出红沙（Ｒｅａｕｍｕｒｉａ ｓｏｏｎｇｒｉｃａ）、木本猪毛莱（Ｓａｌｓｏｌａ ａｒｂｕｓｃｕｌａ）及细枝盐爪爪（Ｋａｌｉｄｉｕｍ ｇｒａｃｌｅ）３种群落。植物可分为富Ｋ、Ｎａ贫Ｃａ、Ｍｇ和富Ｃａ、Ｍｇ贫Ｋ、Ｎａ两种生物地球化学类型。矿区植物中元素平均含量及变化系数大于背景区;元素含量矿区呈偏对数正态或双峰分布,背景区呈对数正态分布。Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、     

GF-5 AIUS切高校正算法研究与反演验证

利用红外掩星获取温压及其大气成分廓线,需要获得精确的指向信息,针对高分五号大气环境甚高分辨率探测仪（GF-5 AIUS）一级光谱信息,本文首先分析了不同切高的光谱变化情况,在此基础上,利用查找表方法进行切高校正。在低切高段（10—20 km）,选取N₂吸收波段,模拟6—40 km高度上的透过率光谱,通过查找表校正方法对一级数据中的低层切高进行校正。在高切高段（20—100 km）,模拟6—90 km切高上的透过率光谱,利用O₃吸收波段（20—90 km）进行校正。校正算法采取全局最小均方根误差的方法进行统计实验,确定最小校正半径为15 km。最后选取O₃、HCl、N₂O共3种大气成分的反演波段,进行校正后的透过率数据对比验证与反演产品精度的验证。结果表明：在O₃、HCl、N₂O共3种成分的反演通道上,校正后的观测透过率与模拟的透过率数据一致性较好,两者最大偏差小于0.1,切高校正算法得到的结果与模拟透过率吻合度较好;同时基于Aura MLS（Microwave Limb Sounder）、ACE-FTS（Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier-Transform Spectrometer）Level 2产品进行了O₃、HCl、N₂O单廓线交叉验证。结果表明：GF-5 AIUS反演的单廓线O₃与MLS、ACE-FTS相对偏差在30 km以下小于50%,在30—60 km小于20%;单廓线HCl与MLS、ACE-FTS相对偏差整体小于20%;单廓线N₂O与MLS、ACE-FTS相对偏差30 km以下小于20%,30—60 km相对偏差较大。     

OMI-TOMS与OMI-DOAS臭氧柱总量产品在中国地区的比较

臭氧是十分重要的痕量气体,它具有活跃的化学反应特性和较强的辐射特性,直接影响全球气候变化和人类的生活环境,因此,获得准确的臭氧柱浓度信息十分重要。搭载在AURA上的OMI探测仪可以测量大气中的臭氧含量,其获得的臭氧产品有两种,一个是基于TOMS V8算法反演得到的OMI-TOMS产品,另一个是由DOAS算法得到的OMI-DOAS产品。本文首先分析了两种算法产品的统计特征,结果表明两者具有较好的一致性;其次,分别分析了两种算法与像元位置的关系,在不受行异常现象影响的像元处,两种算法均不受像元位置的影响;此外,本文还研究了云和太阳天顶角对两种算法的影响,有云时两者的差异更大,云量在70%时两者的差异最大,而且,当有云存在时,两者的偏差随着太阳天顶角的增加而增加。平流层SO_2和吸收性气溶胶对两种算法没有显著影响。     

方解石-白云石-菱镁矿的中远红外光谱学特征研究

利用拉曼光谱和红外光谱研究了方解石、白云石和菱镁矿的光谱学特征,探究了影响三种矿物红外辐射性能的因素。三种矿物的拉曼光谱(Raman)、中红外吸收光谱(MIR)、远红外吸收光谱(FIR)显示随着矿物中镁含量的增大将会影响CO₃^2-的面外弯曲振动(ν₂)、反对称伸缩振动(ν₃)和平面内弯曲振动(ν₄),使各光谱特征峰均向高频端迁移。基于黑体辐射定律以及在80 ℃、400~2 000 cm^-1矿物的辐射能量谱,结果显示方解石、白云石、菱镁矿的发射率依次减少(0.951,0.938,0.895)。三种矿物的红外吸收光谱和发射光谱中的振动位置均受CO₃^2-基频的显著影响,在1 300~1 650 cm^-1均产生宽的低吸收带,该吸收带与CO₃^2-的反对称伸缩振动相关,且吸收带范围(202,236,272 cm^-1)与发射率之间呈负相关关系。因此,当最强化学键的振动出现在发射光谱窄的吸收带范围内会产生相对较高的辐射能和发射率。此外,矿物的晶体结构也会影响发射率,大的离子半径、键长和晶胞体积将降低辐射过程中能量的吸收,增强辐射特性。综上研究结果,方解石、白云石和菱镁矿的拉曼光谱和红外光谱揭示了金属原子的相对质量对光谱学特征的显著影响,其发射率可能受到C—O键的反伸缩振动范围、最强吸收带控制的最低发射率以及矿物晶体结构的共同影响。这项研究呈现了必要的光谱信息和热发射率数据以识别特定的碳酸盐矿物,为类似矿物的光谱特征研究奠定了基础;同时为进一步认识地壳中大量的碳酸盐矿物提供了研究方法,也为地外勘探的深入研究给予相关的理论基础。