基于GF-5高光谱数据的蚀变矿物填图及地质应用——以甘肃省瓜州县花牛山地区为例

[研究目的]"图谱合一"的GF-5 AHSI国产卫星高光谱数据可以根据光谱精细特征进行蚀变矿物的直接识别,一次过境成像即可获取宽幅大面积高光谱数据,能够为陆域自然资源调查提供重要的数据支撑,本文开展了GF-5高光谱数据蚀变矿物提取、分析与验证研究,以期推动国产卫星高光谱数据在地质领域的深化应用.[研究方法]建立了GF-...     

Measurements of methane absorption by the descent imager/spectral radiometer (DISR) during its descent through Titan's atmosphere

New low-temperature methane absorption coefficients pertinent to the Titan environment are presented as derived from the Huygens DISR spectral measurements combined with the in-situ measurements of the methane gas abundance profile measured by the Huygens Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (GCMS). The visible and near-infrared spectrometers of the descent imager/spectral radiometer (DISR) instrument on the Huygens probe looked upward and downward covering wavelengths from 480 to 1620 nm at altitudes from 150 km to the surface during the descent to Titan's surface. The measurements at continuum wavelengths were used to determine the vertical distribution, single-scattering albedos, and phase functions of the aerosols. The gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GCMS) instrument on the probe measured the methane mixing ratio throughout the descent. The DISR measurements are the first direct measurements of the absorbing properties of methane gas made in the atmosphere of Titan at the pathlengths, pressures, and temperatures that occur there. Here we use the DISR spectral measurements to determine the relative methane absorptions at different wavelengths along the path from the probe to the sun throughout the descent. These transmissions as functions of methane path length are fit by exponential sums and used in a haze radiative transfer model to compare the results to the spectra measured by DISR. We also compare the recent laboratory measurements of methane absorption at low temperatures [Irwin et al., 2006. Improved near-infrared methane band models and k-distribution parameters from 2000 to 9500 cm⁻¹ and implications for interpretation of outer planet spectra. Icarus 181, 309-319] with the DISR measurements. We find that the strong bands formed at low pressures on Titan act as if they have roughly half the absorption predicted by the laboratory measurements, while the weak absorption regions absorb considerably more than suggested by some extrapolations of warm measurements to the cold Titan temperatures. We give factors as a function of wavelength that can be used with the published methane coefficients between 830 and 1620 nm to give agreement with the DISR measurements. We also give exponential sum coefficients for methane absorptions that fit the DISR observations. We find the DISR observations of the weaker methane bands shortward of 830 nm agree with the methane coefficients given by Karkoschka [1994. Spectrophotometry of the jovian planets and Titan at 300- to 1000-nm wavelength: the methane spectrum. Icarus 111, 174-192]. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for computations of methane absorption in the atmospheres of the outer planets.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水质中的锂

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,以4％NH4NO3消除干扰。测定水样中的锂。试验了影响测定的主要因素。在优化实验条件下,方法的检出限为0．27μg／l,特征量为4．2pg,锂的质量浓度为0μg／l～30μg／l时,工作曲线线性关系良好。对于ρ(Li)=20．0μg／l样品的测定相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为3．03％。     

大兴安岭北部地区落叶松和白桦树稀土元素分布特征

大兴安岭北部的落叶松和白桦树对稀土元素Eu选择吸收性十分明显.Eu的生物吸收系数是其它稀土元素的20倍以上.落叶松和白桦树稀土元素均具有明显的铕正异常.落叶松和白桦树对二价金属元素Zn、Sr也具有强烈的摄取能力,而对一价和高价金属元素吸收能力较弱.土壤的稀土元素不是影响植物中稀土元素分布特征的重要因素.该区落叶松和白桦树稀土元素分布特征与水-土壤-植物系统的物理化学条件具有密切的关系.     

利用原子吸收光谱测定珍珠加工前后元素含量的变化

利用空气—乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法对马氏珍珠进行了１３个元素的测定，结果表明优质珍珠与劣质珍珠主要在Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｐｈ、Ｋ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｒ等元素含量方面有差异。珍珠在加工前后变化很大的元素是Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｎａ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｒ等。根据一些元素对珍珠质量的显著影响，提出在加工过程应注意对珍珠质量有利元素的加入和有损珍珠质量的元素的去除。     

类星体吸收线红移系统证认方法的进一步探讨

本文对崔振兴和陈建生等人所提出的类星体吸收线红移系统证认方法作了进一步探讨。指出了方法的局限性及改进的办法;也指出了有待于今后继续研究的问题;并将改进后的方法应用于类星体PKS 0528-250的光谱分析中,得到了它的吸收线红移系统有:Z_a=2.8110,2.8130,2.5375,2.1410。这和Morton等(1980)所得的A_1,A_2,B,C红移系统一致。另外,我们又得到的新系统是Z_a=0.0345,0.0065。Chen和Morton(1984)所得到的D_1,D_2,E,F,G系统,我们未发现。讨论了产生这种差别的原因。     

类星体发射线和吸收线的统计分析

本文根据文[1，2]三个类星体表的3941个类星体作统计分析，发现在发射红移Zem1．4—3．2范围内吸收线较多，尤其在Zem1．8—2．4范围内明显增加；同时在Zem1．4—2．8范围内出现吸收线红移Zab＞Zem的现象．结果表明，在Zem1．8—2．2间隔内的类星体活动性加剧，似可以说反映了类星体与环境相互作用的演化效应．     

沉淀分离－火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定锌精矿中杂质元素

利用Ｚｎ（ＯＨ）＿２的两性沉淀富集待测杂质元素，分离高含量Ｚｎ以排除干扰，用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的杂质元素含量。实验结果表明：分离后残留的Ｚｎ对Ｆｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ、Ａｇ的测定无干扰；各元素之间互不干扰。加标回收率为９３％～１０６％，对菱锌矿中几种杂质元素进行测定，结果与ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法相符，各元素测定的相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１２）为４．１％～８．８％。     

塞曼原子吸收法测定大洋多金属结核中的铜钴镍

报道以ＨＮＯ３－ＨＦ－ＨＣｌＯ４分解多金属结核样品，用日立１８０－８０偏振塞曼原子吸收分光光度计测定Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ和Ｎｉ的方法。试验了介质及共存元素对测定的影响，选择了最佳测定条件。用该法测定了大洋锰结核标准物质中的Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ，结果与标准值符合，且方法已应用于大批量样品分析中。对这些标样６次测定的ＲＳＤ分别是Ｃｕ０．４９％￣１．９９％，Ｃｏ１．８６％￣２．６６％，Ｎｉ０．４６％￣１．９６％。     

萃取—原子吸收法测定高纯氧化钐中的镍

在ｐＨ３的弱酸性介质中，用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠＿甲基异丁基酮萃取分离氧化钐以消除基体干扰，用４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＮＯ３溶液反萃取后火焰原子吸收测定被富集的杂质镍。萃取时水相与有机相体积比为５∶１，反萃时体积比为１∶１，萃取时间５ｍｉｎ，测定高纯氧化钐中杂质镍的回收率达９８％。分离后的共存非稀土元素对测定镍无干扰。方法检出限为４０μｇ／ＬＮｉ，对ｗ（Ｎｉ）＝０３×１０－６的氧化钐测定６次，ＲＳＤ＝７１％，试样加标回收率在９３％～１０４％。