Geochemical signatures of Variscan eclogites from the Saxonian Erzgebirge, central Europe

From the abundant metre to km-sized eclogite bodies in the Variscan crystalline complex of the Saxonian Erzgebirge we have investigated 19 samples from the ultrahigh pressure area at the Saidenbach reservoir. Twenty-two samples were from the south-western Erzgebirge, and from occurrences located only some km away from the reservoir. These samples were analysed for major and trace elements using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).The non-Saidenbach eclogites (SiO₂=49–53 wt%) can be derived from N-mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) partially transitional to P-MORBs (e.g., (Nb)_N: 3–36; (Sr)_N: 4–17; (La/Sm)_N<1.5 (in most instances <0.7) and (Sm/Yb)_N around 1.2). Eclogites from the Saidenbach reservoir (SiO₂=49–61 wt%) are characterised by (Nb)_N: 20–170; (Sr)_N: 9–43; (La/Sm)_N: 1.2–3.0; (Sm/Yb)_N: 1.4–8.8, and a clear negative Eu anomaly for the Si-rich samples, thus, being significantly different from the other investigated eclogites. These signatures point to protoliths related to within plate igneous rocks. However, we also discuss the possibilities of (1) protoliths related to a magmatic arc along an active continental margin and (2) the formation by melting of crustal material in the deep mantle and final crystallisation in the lowermost continental crust similar to the adjacent diamondiferous quartzofeldspathic rocks.Due to the specific geochemical signatures of eclogites in the Saidenbach area including other facts, this ultrahigh pressure region is believed to represent a section of lowermost crust not outcropping in other portions of the Saxonian Erzgebirge.     

大别山东南部高压—超高压变质岩的氢氧同位素地球化学

本文报道了大别山东南部安徽石马地区柯石英榴辉岩组合和黄镇地区石英榴辉岩组合的全岩及单矿物的氢氧同位素特征。石马榴辉岩的δ18O值在1.0‰～7.4‰之间,云母δD值为-76‰～-61‰;黄镇榴辉岩的全岩δ18O值为-1.1‰～-2.1‰,云母δD值为-89‰～-77‰。矿物之间的氢氧同位素分馏既有处于平衡状态者,也有处于不平衡状态者,反映这些岩石除继承变质前母体的18O亏损特征外,还经历了显著的同位素退化交换作用。石马和黄镇榴辉岩的矿物对氧同位素温度均给出两个峰值380～430℃与绿片岩相变质条件一致,600～640℃与高角闪岩相变质条件一致;给不出峰变质温度(750～800℃)是由于岩石经历了退变质流体的强烈改造作用。大别东南部高压-超高压榴辉岩的南部边界为石英榴辉岩与花岗片麻岩的界线,但氧同位素研究指示两者为原位接触关系。     

大别山超高压岩石形成温压(深度)条件的研究进展与讨论

根括了大别山－－苏鲁地区超高压岩石成因和形成温压（深度）条件的研究进展,并对其进行了讨论,认为柯石英榴辉岵形成于高压环境是无可争议的事实,而且差应力在其形成过程中是客观存在的。因此,有必要在高温、高围压和存在差应力的条件下进行详细的实验研究,为解决相关问题提供实验佐证。     

根据地球物理资料分析大别——苏鲁超高压变质带演化的运动学与动力学

中国中央造山带东部的大别-苏鲁是全球最大的超高压变质带,本文基于地球物理资料的分析和综合研究,进一步指出这一超高压变质带演化的复杂性.在扬子与中朝克拉通碰撞后大别-苏鲁地体的俯冲产生超高压变质作用.之后由于两个克拉通之间的倾斜碰撞,产生旋转与局部的拉张为岩石折返造成了良好条件.扬子的旋转也形成一对剪切力使俯冲海洋岩石圈断开和陆块反弹.然而由于南北压挤力的继续作用与大别-苏鲁地体的折返,扬子克拉通继续向大别苏鲁地体下方俯冲.这种陆-陆俯冲携带了大量大陆物质进入上地幔,诱发部分熔融和后期的地幔上隆.本文给出了大别-苏鲁演化动力学的修正模型.     

Cretaceous and Cenozoic cooling history across the ultrahigh pressure Tongbai–Dabie belt, central China, from apatite fission-track thermochronology

The crystalline terrane of the Tongbai–Dabie region, central China, comprising the Earth's largest ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) exposure was formed during Triassic collision between the Sino–Korean and Yangtze cratons. New apatite fission-track (AFT) data presented here from the UHP terrane, extends over a significantly greater area than reported in previous studies, and includes the (eastern) Dabie, the Hong'an (northwestern Dabie) and Tongbai regions. The new data yield ages ranging from 44 ± 3 to 142 ± 36 Ma and mean track lengths between 10 and 14.4 μm. Thermal history models based on the AFT data taken together with published ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar, K–Ar, apatite and zircon (U–Th)/He and U–Pb data, exhibit a three-stage cooling pattern that is similar across the study region, commencing with an Early Cretaceous rapid cooling event, followed by a period of relative thermal stability during which rocks remained at temperatures within the AFT partial annealing zone (60–110 °C) and ending with a possible renewed phase of accelerated cooling during Pliocene to Recent time. The first cooling phase followed large-scale transtensional deformation between 140 and 110 Ma and is related to Early Cretaceous eastward tectonic escape and Pacific back arc extension. Between this phase and the subsequent slow cooling phase, a transition period from 120 to 80 Ma (to 70 to 45 Ma along the Tan–Lu fault) was characterised by a relatively low cooling rate (3–5 °C/Ma). This transition is likely related to a tectonic response associated with the mid-Cretaceous subduction of the Izanagi–Pacific plate as well as lithospheric extension and thinning in eastern Asia. The present regional AFT age pattern is therefore basically controlled by the Early Cretaceous rapid cooling event, but finally shaped through active Cenozoic faulting. Following the transition phase the subsequent slow cooling phase pattern implies a net reduction in horizontal compressional stress corresponding to increased extension rates along the continental margin due to the decrease in plate convergence. Modelling of the AFT data suggests a possible Pliocene–Recent cooling episode, which may be supported by increased rates of sedimentation observed in adjacent basins. This cooling phase may be interpreted as a response to the far-field effects of the frontal India–Eurasia collision to the west. Approximate estimates suggest that the total amount of post 120 Ma denudation across the UHP orogen ranged from 2.4 to 13.2 km for different tectonic blocks and ranged from 0.8 to 9.7 km during the Cretaceous to between 1.7 and 3.8 km during the Cenozoic.     

大别山东段超高压变质带中变质花岗岩的矿物化学和地球化学特征

大别山东段超高压变质带中变质花岗岩富硅、贫钙、贫铝，属偏碱性花岗岩，围岩为含榴辉岩包体的超高压副片麻岩。变质花岗岩稀土元素总量多在（100－200）×10^-6，具有较大的负铕异常，其原岩应为壳源型花岗岩。元素地球化学特征表明变质花岗岩原岩与古造山作用有关。变质花岗岩中存在大量由岩浆型内核和变生型边缘构成的变质增生锆石。结合锆石U－Pb年龄资料认为，变质花岗岩应由古老花岗岩变质形成，而不是超高压变质作用之后部分地壳岩石重熔的产物。岩石中有富锰和贫锰两种石榴子石，通过富锰石榴子石－黑云母、贫锰石榴子石－多硅白云母等矿物对的温压计算可知变质花岗岩在400－500℃、0.6-0.8GPa条件下经历过变质作用。但几种间接证据反映出变质花岗岩可能经历过超高压变质作用。     

Differences between Paleozoic Asia and Paleozoic North America as shown by the distribution of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terranes

Numerous UHP suites developed in East Asia during the Paleozoic because subduction occurred in an area of low thermal gradients. By contrast, no Paleozoic UHP suites formed in North America or in terranes accreted to it because all subduction under accreting terranes occurred in an area of high thermal gradients centered in North America. High thermal gradients beneath North America are also demonstrated by an abundance of intracratonic rifts and basins. These differences in thermal gradients between North America and East Asia may have been caused by a very large mantle convection cell, with a rising limb under North America and a descending limb in an oceanic area where East Asia was assembled.     

中国东部大别山超高压变质杂岩中的石英硬玉岩带

大别山的石英硬玉岩是大别山超高压变质杂岩中的重要成员,与大理岩和榴辉岩紧密共生,呈大小不等的构造透镜体产出在云母斜长片麻岩和含硬玉片麻岩中,分布在长约４０ｋｍ,宽约１ｋｍ的带内。透镜体中心常为花岗变晶结构,边部有不同程度退变并面理化,向外围逐渐变为含硬玉片麻岩。岩石的主要矿物组成为硬玉、石英、石榴石、金红石。退变的石英硬玉岩中还有钠长石、霓石、霓辉石、榍石等。硬玉和石榴石中都有柯石英包体。硬玉的Ｊｄ端元组分为８１．２５％～９０．２７％。恢复的石英硬玉岩的原岩为硬砂岩,与大理岩伴生的榴辉岩的原岩为泥灰岩。因此,石英硬玉岩与共生的大理岩和榴辉岩都属于榴辉岩相变质的表壳岩系,它的成带分布、其中有柯石英的产出,进一步证明大陆地壳能够俯冲到１００ｋｍ左右深度并迅速折返地壳后使其中的高压标志保存完好。     

大别山东部榴辉岩带中的变质花岗岩及其大地构造意义

大别山高－超高压变质带中的变质花岗岩类是碱性花岗岩。它以其下列特征与本区未变质花岗岩和围绕它的低压花岗质片麻岩相区别：（１）有标型矿物多硅白云母和长石的石榴石反应边;（２）主要为花岗变晶结构但有残留的岩浆结构,岩体边部有片麻状构造;（３）与超高压围岩之间有残留侵入接触关系,两者共同受到第二期褶皱影响;（４）化学成分富硅和富碱,Ｋ２Ｏ和Ｎａ２Ｏ含量变化不定,大部分样品的Ｎａ２Ｏ大于Ｋ２Ｏ含量,Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ总量大于７％;（５）矿物组合表明变质级为角闪岩相;（６）Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄１８１Ｍａ（全岩,黑云母）;（７）其中常有高－超高压变质岩相的捕虏体。这些特征表明,这里的变质花岗岩类是高－超高压变质带折返到中地壳时侵入其中并随之共同变质变形的,因此是高－超高压变质带的特殊成员。这对理解超高压变质带的折返速率是非常重要的。