紫外线试验数据采集与控制系统研究

采用８０３１、８２７９、８２５５、ＡＤＣ０８０９、２７６４、６２６４等芯片及温敏电阻、紫外辐射和总辐射探头等传感器组成一实用的紫外线试验计算机数据采集与控制。系统可定时采集温度等气象要素,定时打开与关闭辅助紫外灯,并可通过打印机输出观测结果。     

Enhanced spectral UV irradiance: a 1 year preliminary study

The ultraviolet (UV) spectra on cloudy days were compared to those on cloud free days to determine which part of the UV spectrum has the greatest enhancement due to the cloud compared to both corresponding measured clear sky spectra as well as other enhanced spectra. In this preliminary study, cloud enhanced UV spectra selected for maximum UVA enhancement compared to a clear sky UV spectrum at similar solar zenith angle (SZA) and ozone values, showed that the ratio of the two sets of spectral irradiances was approximately wavelength independent (approximately 1.1) above the cut-off wavelength of approximately 306 nm. Similarly, above 306 nm the average ratio of the spectral irradiances of a maximum UVB enhanced UV spectrum compared to a clear sky spectrum was 1.2 with maximum values generally above this average between 316 and 344 nm and generally below 1.2 above the wavelength of 344 nm. The UVA and UVB enhanced spectra were separated into five SZA ranges and the irradiance at each wavelength averaged for each range and compared to clear sky spectra in each of the ranges. Above approximately 306 nm, the ratios are wavelength independent for all SZA. However, with the exception of the SZA range centred on 20°, there is an increasing dependency with shorter wavelengths below the 306 nm. Also there appears to be two distinct groupings of the average irradiance ratios, corresponding to the SZA range centred on 20°, 37° and 49° (ratio of 1.2) and 32° and 42° (ratio 1.0), the latter cases suggesting that on average there is no enhancement for these SZA, except for wavelengths less than 306 nm.     

北京地面紫外辐射（光谱）的观测与分析

通过对北京大气物理研究所与长春光机所合作研制的地基太阳紫外辐射光谱仪观测资料的分析，和用辐射传输模式UVSS计算的结果，对影响到达地面的UVB辐照度的主要因子太阳高度角（SZA）、臭氧总量和地表反照率进行了分析研究。最后对紫外光谱仪的观测资料做了总量和谱分析。     

长春地区紫外光谱（UV-A，UV-B）辐射观测和初步分析

利用我们研制的太阳—大气紫外光谱辐射计，从1992年5月在长春开始试验了野外观测，监视到达地表的太阳直射和大气散射紫外光谱辐射，主要给出长春地区地面紫外辐射，特别是紫外（UV）B段（280～320 nm）光谱辐射的一些基本特点和初步统计特征。由于地表UV-B辐射对生态系统和人类健康有危害作用，其强度随着臭氧减少而增加。该项观测分析将有助于监测和研究臭氧层变薄的实际效应。     

Field Measurements of Atmospheric Photolysis Frequencies for O3, NO2, HCHO, CH3CHO, H2O2, and HONO by UV Spectroradiometry

A calibrated spectroradiometer was used for the measurement of spectra of the absolute actinic flux F during the POPCORN field campaign in Pennewitt (53.8° N, 11.7° E, sea level) in August 1994. The obtained set of actinic flux spectra was used to determine the photolysis frequencies J(O1D), J(NO2), J(HCHO), J(H2O2), J(HONO), and J(CH3CHO), using molecular photodissociation data from literature. The accuracy of the actinic flux measurement was about ±5%. The accuracy of the photolysis frequency determination is limited by the uncertainties of the molecular absorption cross section and quantum yield data. A good agreement within the experimental uncertainties was found in comparison with measurements of J(O1D) and J(NO2) by filterradiometer which were calibrated absolutely against chemical actinometer. A comparison of this work's photolysis frequency measurements at 40° solar zenith angle with respective measured and modeled data from the literature also shows good agreement for most of the processes considered in this work. However, in the case of J(NO2) data reported in the literature as a function of solar zenith angle differences up to a factor of 1.6 with respect to this work's J(NO2) data are observed. Since this is far beyond the estimated experimental uncertainties, other atmospheric variables, such as aerosols, seem to affect J(NO2) to an extent that is underestimated by now and make indirect comparisons of J(NO2) measurements difficult.     

Impact of suspended particles and enhancement techniques on ultraviolet disinfection of a secondary effluent

The concentration of suspended solids in the secondary effluent often varies widely, leading to frequent adjustment of the UV dosage to meet the disinfection criterion. In addition, a desired disinfection rate is difficult to achieve sometimes. The authors studied the particle size distribution, contribution of particle-associated Fecal Coliform （F. C. ）, and their influences on UV disinfection. A combined disinfection process （chlorination with a subsequent UV disinfection） was tested to improve the disinfection effect. The results indicated that the content of suspended solids, especially that of large particles, has a strong impact on UV disinfection efficiency; D〉 10 μm particles associated F.C. are difficult to be disinfected and are the main part of the tailings of F.C. inactivation curves. Pre-chlorination could decrease the number of particles in the secondary effluent and transform the large particles into small ones, reducing the influence of particles on UV disinfection and enhancing the resistance ability of the combined process to particle loading.     

Neptune's far-infrared spectrum from the ISO long-wavelength and short-wavelength spectrometers

Neptune was observed by the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Long-Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) between 46 and 185 μm. At wavelengths between 50 and 110 μm the accuracy of these measurements is ?0.3 K. Observations of this planet made by the ISO Short-Wavelength Spectrometer between 28 and 44 μm were combined with the LWS data to determine a disk-averaged temperature profile and derive several physical quantities. The combined spectra are matched best by a He/(H₂+He) mass ratio of 26.4^+2.6_−3.5%, reflecting a He molar fraction of 14.9^+1.7_−2.2%, assuming the molar fraction of CH₄ to be 2% in the troposphere. This He abundance is consistent with one derived from analysis of joint Voyager-2 IRIS and radio occultation experiment data, a technique whose accuracy has recently been called into question. For a disk average, the para-H₂ fraction is found to be no more than ∼1.5% different from its equilibrium value, and the N₂ mixing ratio is probably less than 0.7%. The composite spectrum is best fit by invoking a CH₄ ice condensate cloud. Using a Mie approximation to particle scattering and absorption, best-fit particle sizes lie between 15 and 40 μm. The composite spectra are relatively insensitive to the vertical distribution of the cloud, but the particle scale height must be greater than 5% of the gas scale height. The best models are consistent with an effective temperature for Neptune that is 59.5±0.6 K, a value slightly lower than derived by the Voyager IRIS experiment—possibly Neptune's mid- and far-infrared emission has changed during the seven years that lie between its encounter with Voyager 2 and the first spectra taken of this planet with ISO. The model spectra are also ostensibly lower than ground-based observations in the spectral range of 17-24 μm, but this discrepancy can be relieved by perturbing the temperature of the lower stratosphere where the LWS spectrum is not particularly sensitive, combined with the uncertainty in the absolute calibration of the ground-based measurements.     

Evolutionary status of UV Piscium and its comparison with other short period RS CVn binaries

From the derived elements of UV Piscium, the evolutionary status of both of its components are compared with the Schaller et al. models and also with other main sequence systems having spectral types of late F to K range. From these models the ages of the components of UV Psc are determined. The Rossby number, which is a measure of chromospheric activity, has been derived from the convective turnover time scales and also from the age estimates.     

The influence of UV irradiation on the photoreduction of iron in the Southern Ocean

An iron enrichment experiment, EisenEx, was performed in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic spring of 2000. Deck incubations of open ocean water were performed to investigate the influence of ultraviolet B (UVB: 280–315 nm) and ultraviolet A (UVA: 315–400 nm) on the speciation of iron in seawater, using an addition of the radioisotopes ⁵⁹Fe(III) (1.25 nM) or ⁵⁵Fe(III) (0.5 nM). Seawater was sampled inside and outside the iron-enriched region. The radioisotopic Fe(II) concentration was monitored during daylight under three different light conditions: the full solar spectrum (total), total minus UVB, and total minus UVB+UVA. A distinct diel cycle was observed with a clear distinction between the three different light regimes. A clear linear relationship was found for the concentration of radioisotopic Fe(II) versus irradiance. UVB produced most of the Fe(II) followed by UVA and visible light (VIS: 400–700 nm), respectively. UVB produced 4.89 and 0.69 pM m² W⁻¹ radioisotopic Fe(II) followed by UVA with 0.33 and 0.10 pM m² W⁻¹ radioisotopic Fe(II) and VIS with 0.04 and 0.03 pM m² W⁻¹ radioisotopic Fe(II).     

UV-B辐射对叉鞭金藻和三角褐指藻光合色素的影响

以叉鞭金藻和三角褐指藻为材料，采用室内一次性培养的方法研究了UV－B辐射对光合色素（叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素）含量的影响，结果显示，低剂量的UV－B辐射处理对叉鞭金藻的光合色素含量影响不明显，甚至可使光合色素的含量升高；而高剂量的UV－B辐射处理引起叉鞭金藻光合色素含量降低，三角褐指藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量随着UV－B辐射的增强表现出逐渐降低的趋势，说明UV－B辐射增强对海洋微藻光合色素有严重的破坏作用。